Mitral regurgitation

Question 1

Mitral regurgitation?

Answer 1

Retrograde flow of blood from the left ventricle to left atrium during systole

Question 2

What are the heart valves?

Answer 2

Question 3

Mitral regurgitation Risk factors (4)?

Answer 3

mitral valve damage caused by rheumatic heart disease (most common), infective endocarditis, mitral valve prolapse, papillary muscle rupture.

Question 4

Mitral regurgitation epidemiology?

Answer 4

5% of adults, mitral valve prolapse is common in young females.

Question 5

Mitral regurgitation symptoms of acute MR?

Answer 5

symptoms of left ventricular failure.

Question 6

Mitral regurgitation symptoms of chronic MR?

Answer 6

may be asymptomatic but exertional dyspnoea, palpitations if in AF, fatigue. Mitral valve prolapse; asymptomatic or atypical chest pain.

Question 7

Mitral regurgitation signs?

Answer 7

pulse may be irregularly irregular if in AF, laterall displaced apex beat with thrusting, pansystolic murmur (loudest at apex beat, radiates to axilla) signs of left ventricular failure in acute MR

Question 8

Mitral regurgitation signs of mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 8

mid-systolic click, late systolic murmur.

Question 9

Mitral regurgitation investigations?

Answer 9

ECG (may show AF or p mitrale)

CXR (acute MR may have signs of left ventricular failure, Chronic MR shows left atrial enlargement, cardiomegaly, mitral valve calcification)

echocardiography (allows assessment of LV ejection fraction and end systolic dimension).

Question 10

Mitral regurgitation p mitrale?

Answer 10