Mivchan Flashcards
(57 cards)
What are the two types of foundations?
- Single - on good ground
- Deep - On working land
- crossing -on good ground
Define shallow foundations.
Shallow foundations are used in locations with sandy or rocky soil that are considered good and stable for structures.
What is a single foundation?
A concrete cube suited for small and medium structures in firm soil, typically 1.6 meters deep.
What are crossing foundations?
Strips of concrete below the outer walls of a building, used in small structures in firm soil, placed 1 meter below the ground.
Define deep foundations.
Used on clay soil, they consist of pillars that are at least 10 meters deep.
What is the minimum diameter for pillars in deep foundations?
At least 40 centimeters.
What are hidden columns?
Columns built within the wall that transfer weight from one floor to another.
What are exposed columns?
Columns that function as independent components, not hidden within walls.
Define foundation columns.
Columns located above the single elements of the foundation that connect to the walls and floors.
What is the function of walls in a building?
Horizontal elements that transfer weight from the ceiling.
What distinguishes lower walls from upper walls?
Lower walls are more prominent and lower, while upper walls are higher.
What is a solid ceiling?
A ceiling made from reinforced concrete, very heavy and typically used in small rooms.
What is a ribbed ceiling?
A ceiling made from concrete with empty spaces between the slabs.
What is a conventional building method?
The most common building method that combines steel and concrete in a skeletal structure.
What is a skeletal structure?
A structure where all parts are made from steel and concrete, transferring weight to the ground.
What are the properties of conventional building?
- All works done on the building site
- A lot of handyman work
- Hard professional work
- Takes a long time to build
- Limited use of progressive equipment
What are the advantages of industrial building methods?
- Short building time
- More accurate elements than on-site builds
- Reduced need for professional labor
- Repetitive work creates specialists
- Use of new materials
What is light building?
A building method where ceilings are made from light materials like tin or plastics, not concrete.
What are bonding materials?
- Cement
- Chalk
- Plaster
- Acrylic paste
What is the role of cement in bonding materials?
A binding agent for two elements.
What is plaster made from?
Limestone or gypsum.
What are the stages of putting on plaster?
- Build the wall correctly
- Clean the wall
- Roughen the wall
- Wet the wall
What is the purpose of outside plaster?
To protect the structure from outside influences and for aesthetic purposes.
What are the three layers of outside plaster?
- Layer 1: Base layer to prevent water entry
- Layer 2: Smooth layer to straighten the wall
- Layer 3: Aesthetic layer for visual appeal
