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Renal Recall > Mixed > Flashcards

Mixed Flashcards

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1
Q

2 risk factors for unexplained hematuria?

A

1) Hypercalciuria
2) Hyperuricosuria

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2
Q

Three conditions where valptans are recommended for hyponatremia?

A

1) HF
2) Cirrhosis
3) SIADH

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3
Q

Protein requirement for AKI

A

0.8-1 g/kg for noncatabolic AKI
1-1.5 g/kg for dialytic
1.7 for CRRT/ hypercatabolic

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4
Q

Causes of transient proteinuria

A

“FOE-CEO”

Fever
Obesity
Exercise

CHF
Emotional stress
OSA

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5
Q

ADPKD diagnosis

A

Based on age

15-29: 2 cysts (unilateral/bilateral)
30-59: 2 cysts in each kidney
>= 60: 4 cysts in each kidney

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5
Q

ADPKD diagnosis

A

Based on age

15-29: 2 cysts (unilateral/bilateral)
30-59: 2 cysts in each kidney
>= 60: 4 cysts in each kidney

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5
Q

ADPKD diagnosis

A

Based on age

15-29: 2 cysts (unilateral/bilateral)
30-59: 2 cysts in each kidney
>= 60: 4 cysts in each kidney

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6
Q

3 conditions to treat ASB

A

1) Pregnant
2) Neutropenic
3) WIll undergo uro procedures

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7
Q

Which drugs VS UTI can be used starting in the 2nd trimester

A

Nitrofurantoin
TMP SMX

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8
Q

MC causes of community acquired UTI

A

HF
Malignancy
UTO
Volume depletion
Adverse effects of medications

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9
Q

What immunosuppressive drug can cause prerenal AKI

A

Cyclosporine

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10
Q

Definition of Type I HRS

A

Increase > 2x in Crea or > 2.5 mg/dL within 2 weeks without other possible explanation

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11
Q

2 mechanisms underlying Sepsis induced AKI

A

1) NO mediated causing vasodilation
2) Endothelial damage due to microvascular LAD, thrombosis

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12
Q

Definition of abdominal compartment syndrome

A

Increase in abdominal pressure > 20 mmHg due to fluid resuscitation –> renal vein compression

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13
Q

Pathophysiology of Contrast induced AKI

A
  • Hypoxia in renal outer medulla from perturbations in renal microcirculation + occlusion of small vessels
  • Cytotoxic damage to tubules directly or via generation of oxygen-free radicals, especially because the concentration of the agent within the tubule is markedly increased
  • Transient tubular obstruction with precipitated contrast material
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14
Q

GN syndromes presenting as MACROSCOPIC hematuria

A

IgA Nephropathy
Sickle cell anemia

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15
Q

Most common causes of infectious GN worldwide

A

Malaria
Schistosomiasis

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16
Q

Duration of development of PSGN for:
-Post pharyngitis
-Post impetigo

A

Pharyngitis: 1-3 weeks
Impetigo: 2-6 wks

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17
Q

Crescent formation is found in what type of GN disease?

A

Anti- GBM disease

HP: IgG immuno staining

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18
Q

Type of collagen involved in anti GBM disease?

A

Collagen IV

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19
Q

Clinical presentation of IgA Nephropathy

A
  • Recurrent episodes of MACROSCOPIC HEMATURIA during or immediately following an URTI often accompanied by proteinuria
  • Persistent asymptomatic microscopic hematuria
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20
Q

Treatment for IgA Nephropathy?

A

ACEi/ steroids

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21
Q

Management for Anti GBM Disease

A

Less severe disease typically respond to 8–10 treatments of plasmapheresis accompanied by oral prednisone and cyclophosphamide in the first 2 weeks

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22
Q

Management for Anti GBM Disease

A

Less severe disease typically respond to 8–10 treatments of plasmapheresis accompanied by oral prednisone and cyclophosphamide in the first 2 weeks

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23
Mesangioproliferative seen in the ff disease entities?
"LIPP" IgA Nephropathy PSGN P. malariae Lupus nephritis II
24
What is a sensitive indicator for the presence of DM nephropathy?
Thickening of GBM
24
What is a sensitive indicator for the presence of DM nephropathy?
Thickening of GBM
25
What pathologic findings correlate with clinical manifestations of DM nephropathy?
MESANGIAL EXPANSION or MESANGIAL SCLEROSIS
25
What pathologic findings correlate with clinical manifestations of DM nephropathy?
MESANGIAL EXPANSION or MESANGIAL SCLEROSIS
26
What is the MC nephrotic syndrome in the elderly?
Membranous GN
27
What is the MC nephrotic syndrome in the elderly?
Membranous GN
28
Also called as benign familial hematuria
Thin basement membrane disease -persistent or recurrent hematuria; NO proteinuria, hypertension, loss of renal function, extra-renal disease
29
Prefers basic environment for stone development
Calcium phosphate Cystine stone
30
Indifferent to PH
Calcium oxalate
31
Two common presentations for individuals with an acute stone event
renal colic and painless gross hematuria
32
Medications that Bind Cystine
Tiopronin Penicillamine
33
Preferred alkalizing agents to reach urine pH 7.5 for cystine stones
Potassium citrate Potassium bicarbonate
34
Urease-producing bacteria
Proteus Klebsiella Providencia
35
Stages of CKD where Uremic neuromuscular dse manifest Peripheral neuropathy
Ckd st 3 Ckd st 4
36
What type of alcohol causes NAGMA?
Isopropyl Alcohol — acetone is excreted immediately
37
Condition that causes positive urine AG
RTA Proximal - acetazolamide, topiramate Distal - Ifosfamide, Amphotericin B
38
Conditions that promote maintenance of alkaline
1. Volume depletion 2. Chloride deficiency 3. Hypokalemia with reduced GFR
39
MC causes of infectious related GN?
Schistosomiasis Malaria Then followed by Hep B/C, HIV
40
When does PSGN occur after impetigo and strep infection?
Impetigo : 2-6 wks Strep : 1-3 wks
41
Treatment for Scleroderma renal crisis
ACE-i
42
Presents as nephrotic syndrome with crescent formation in biopsy and linear IgG immunofluorescence
Anti GBM disease
43
Macroscopic hematuria immediately after an UTRI with occasional proteinuria/persistent microscopic hematuria. Relatively benign disease
IgA nephropathy
44
Nephrotic range proteinuria, hematuria, ribbons in the GBM responsive to Eculizumab
C3 glomerulopathy
45
Abrupt onset edema, nephrotic syndrome, with acellular urinary sediment. Occasionally presents with minimal hematuria. Spontaneously resolves
Minimal change disease
46
Presents as proteinuria, segmental glomerular scars, glomerular tip variant has the better prognosis while collapsing glomerulopathy has the worst
FSGS
47
On LM, uniform thickening if basement membrane along the side of capillary loops. Can be secondary or primary. 2nd - subepithelial with tubuloreticular inclusions. Idiopathic- autoantibodies for M type phospholipase A2
Membranous glomerulopathy
48
Kimmelstiel Wilson or eosinophilic PAS+ nodules
Diabetic neohropathy
49
Biopsy findings showing mesangial proliferation with lobular segmentation on renal biopsy and mesangial interposition
Tram tracking
50
Persistent or recurrent hematuria, presents in childhood and present in multiple family members. Not associated with proteinuria, hypertension
Thin membrane disease — benign familial hematuria
51
Conditions with false positive proteinuria on urine dipstick
pH > 7 Concentrated urine Blood contamination
52
Cases of isolated hematuria
“PS NTT” Prostatitis Stones Neoplasm Tuberculosis Trauma
53
Intake of Vitamin C supplements in men can cause what time of kidney stones?
Calcium oxalate
54
Indications for urologic intervention for kidney stones
uti Large stone >=6mm Intractable pain
55
Uric acid stones with needle configuration
Uric acid crystal Calcium oxalate
56
Stone not dependent onpH
Calcium oxalate
57
Stone with diagonal/hexagonal shape
Cysteine
58
Coffin lid appearance of uric acid stone
Struvite
59
Stone in acidic environment
Uric acid pH <5.5
60
Bacteria involved in struvite stones
Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella pneumonie Providencia species
61
Recurrent UTI definition
AUC by urine culture 3x in a 12 mo period 2x in a 6 month period

Renal Recall (1 decks)

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