Mixed Institutions

Question 1

Miller v. Johnson

Answer 1

Along with Shaw v. Reno decided race cannot be the predominant factor in drawing district lines

Question 2

U.S Term Limits v. Thornton

Answer 2

States cannot set term limits on members of congress

Question 3

Bush v. Gore

Answer 3

Florida’s recount in the 2000 election was ruled to be a violation of the 14th amendments equal protection clause

Question 4

Shelby county v. Holder

Answer 4

Invalidated part of the voting rights act of 65 clearing the way for the expansion of voter id laws

Question 5

Public education role of congress

Answer 5

Committee hearings and floor debates educate the public

Question 6

Sponser

Answer 6

The congress member who introduces the bill

Question 7

Poison pill amendments

Answer 7

Killer amendments

rules committee can make it easy to add these for opponents

Question 8

Remember earmarks

Answer 8

Appear in appropriations and authorizations bills

Question 9

INS v. Chadha

Answer 9

Declared unconstitutional

Congress wrote legislation giving president broad powers but reserved itself the right to void presidential actions by a vote of one or both houses

Question 10

Discharge petition

Answer 10

Parliamentary mechanism to force a bill out of committee for a floor vote

Question 11

Pendleton Act

Answer 11

Eliminated the spoils system of patronage in selection for government jobs and set up exam based merit system
Regulation of gov.

Question 12

Sherman anti-trust act

Answer 12

Provided congress with authority to regulate and break up monopolies or trusts in the US
Is abused to brake up labor unions

Question 13

Hatch act

Answer 13

Permitted gov. employees to vote in gov. Elections but forbade participation in partisan politics

Question 14

Freedom of information act

Answer 14

Declassified gov. documents for public use

Question 15

Air quality act

Answer 15

The beginning of a series of acts to regulate impacts on the environment

Question 16

Espionage act, sedation act

Answer 16

Curtailed the civil liberties of Americans during wartime and increased fed. power in controlling public activity
Sedation act was repealed by congress in 1921

Question 17

Immigration act

Answer 17

Limited number of immigrants let into the United States quotas for entry

Question 18

Age discrimination in employment act

Answer 18

Banned age discrimination in jobs unless age was related to performance

Question 19

Title IX Education Act

Answer 19

Prohibited gender discrimination in federally funded education programs

Question 20

Patriot Act

Answer 20

Response to 9 11

Authority governments to convict terrorists

Question 21

Personal Responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act

Answer 21

Increase personal responsibility in welfare recipients and shifted welfare responsibilities to state governments

Question 22

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 22

Gave president broad powers to commit unlimited troops for unlimited time in Vietnam
Pre War Powers Resolution

Question 23

Domestic policy council

Answer 23

Assists president in domestic policy

Question 24

US trade representative

Answer 24

Negotiating complex trade and tariff agreements on behalf of president with White House guidance

Question 25

Department of homeland security

Answer 25

``` Makes 15 cabinet departments Counters terrorism Protects boarders Analyze intelligence Detect weapons Support local agencies like police and fire departments ```

Question 26

Principles of the judicial system

Answer 26

Equal justice under the law- all treated as equals Due process of law Adversarial system- two sides must be represented Presumption of justice- innocent until proven guilty

Question 27

Types of due process

Answer 27

Substantive- whether laws are unfair Procedural- whether laws are fairly applied

Question 28

Grand jury

Answer 28

24 to 48 jurors that use evidence from prosecutor to decide if trial should commence

Question 29

Who is the prosecutor in criminal trials | Goal of prosecutor

Answer 29

The government at some level | Guilt beyond reasonable doubt

Question 30

Petit juries

Answer 30

12 jurors decide in criminal cases | The verdict

Question 31

Civil law cases

Answer 31

Only gov if gov is a plaintiff or defendant If a judge or jury thinks the case as merit it will continue Settlement to avoid trial Show preponderance of evidence favors there side Fewer jurors

Question 32

Equity

Answer 32

Loser forced to stop doing something

Question 33

Smith v. Allwright

Answer 33

The denying of African Americans the rights to vote in a primary election was found to be a violation of the 15th amendment

Question 34

Fletcher v. Peck

Answer 34

First case in which the court overturned a state law unconstitutional grounds Fletcher established the courts right to apply judicial review to state laws previously judicial review had been applied only to federal law

Question 35

Timing of Supreme Court cases

Answer 35

From October to April Hears oral arguments 30 min each for both sides Federal gov. Will take one side and solicitor general will argue on behalf of gov for a portion of 30 min on supporting side

Question 36

Joint chiefs of staff

Answer 36

The five Chiefs of the military services and their chairman who are responsible for carrying out defense policy and report directly to both the secretary of defense from the department of defense and the president

Question 37

Executive departments in the cabinet

Answer 37

``` Department of State Treasury Defense Justice (attorney general and solicitor general) Interior Agriculture Commerce Labor Health and human services Housing and urban development Transportation Energy Education Veterans affairs Homeland security ```

Question 38

Organization of the departments

Answer 38

Secretary with president appointment and senate approval Undersecretary (not confirmed by senate) Senior executive service some appointees

Question 39

Gov entities not within the 15 cabinets

Answer 39

Independent agencies | Independent regulatory commissions/ regulatory agencies (FCC, OSHA, SEC, FTC, and Federal Reserve Board)

Question 40

Quasi-legislative agencies

Answer 40

Independent agencies who are responsible for filling in gaps in legislation and writing rules

Question 41

Quasi-judicial agencies

Answer 41

Independent agencies responsible for rule enforcement and punishing violators

Question 42

The nuclear regulatory commission

Answer 42

Controls how electric power companies design build and operate nuclear reactors regulatory

Question 43

The food and drug administation

Answer 43

Responsible for ensuring the health of the American people by inspecting food supply for contaminants and spoilage responsible for regulating sale of over-the-counter drugs and patent medicines Regulatory agency

Question 44

Federal energy regulatory commission

Answer 44

Is responsible for preventing price-fixing and price manipulation in electric utilities, interstate oil and gas pipelines, and natural gas suppliers Regulatory agency

Question 45

Equal employment opportunities commission

Answer 45

``` EEOC created by civil rights act Enforces anti discrimination laws Americans with disabilities act Affirmative action (first promoted then discouraged) ```

Question 46

Boards of commissioners

Answer 46

Run regulatory agencies | Appointed and confirmed by senate

Question 47

Alliance network or issue network

Answer 47

Members of Congress and bureaucrats who form a close working relationship for more complicated than a simple three-part iron triangle When issues affect many groups

Question 48

Quasi-legislative function

Answer 48

Regulatory agency writes and publishes the rules