Mixed practice 3 Flashcards
Which type of pneumonia can cause hyponatraemia
Legionella pneumonia
Symptoms associated with:
Posterior vitreous detachment
Flashes of light (photopsia) - in the peripheral field of vision
Floaters, often on the temporal side of the central vision
Symptoms associated with:
Retinal detachment
Dense shadow that starts peripherally progresses towards the central vision
A veil or curtain over the field of vision
Straight lines appear curved
Central visual loss
Symptoms associated with:
Vitreous haemorrhage
Large bleeds cause sudden visual loss
Moderate bleeds may be described as numerous dark spots
Small bleeds may cause floaters
Acne vulgaris in pregnancy treatment:
Erythromycin
Chvostek sign and trousseau sign are positive in which electrolyte disturbance
Eye problem associated:
HYPOcalcaemia
Cataracts
Diagnostic criteria for AKI:
In young adults/children
Absolute rise of creatine >26mmol/l in 48 hours
Absolute increase in creatinine >50% in 7 days
Urine output <0.5ml/kg/hour for more than 6 hours
> = 25% fall in eGFR in children / young adults in 7 days
Which two commonly prescribed medications/supplements can cause malabsorption of thyroxine?
Iron
Calcium carbonate
Should be given 4 hours apart
Which common anti-hypertensive may exacerbate gout and thus, is contraindicated
Bendroflumethiazide
Which drugs may trigger an exacerbation of psoriasis
drugs: beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors, infliximab
withdrawal of systemic steroids
Alcohol
Suspected orbital cellulitis: Order of treatment
IV antibiotics
THEN arrange for urgent CT head
What will arterial gas show in pulmonary embolism?
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
Secondary to hyperventilation
When should ACEis be stopped before surgery:
1 day usually. Is sometimes continued up until surgery
Anal fissure treatment step up:
soften stool
dietary advice: high-fibre diet with high fluid intake
bulk-forming laxatives are first-line - if not tolerated then lactulose should be tried
lubricants such as petroleum jelly may be tried before defecation
topical anaesthetics,analgesia
GTN
Botoxm sphincterotomy last line - if GTN not effective after 8 weeks
Normal lithium level:
Which drugs may precipitate toxicity:
0.4-1.0
toxicity occurs when >1.5
Diuretics (especially thiazides)
ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers
NSAIDs and metronidazole.
What type of urinary incontinence may Amitriptyline precipitate:
Overflow incontinence
Management of acute flares of rheumatoid arthritis
IM or oral corticosteroids
Peripheral neuropathy secondary to diabetes:
1) Management:
2) What can be used as rescue therapy
1) Amitriptyline, duloxetine, gabapentin or pregabalin
2) Tramadol
Symptomatic aortic stenosis management:
Older person
Younger person
patients who are too high-risk for surgical intervention or as a bridge to definitive treatment
Bioprosthetic valve
Mechanical valve (tends to last longer)
Balloon valvuloplasty
Most common cause of primary headache in children:
Migraines
Decreasing vision over months with metamorphopsia, well-demarcated red patches on the retina and a central scotoma should cause high suspicion of
wet age-related macular degeneration
Main investigation required prior to starting herceptin:
Echocardiogram
Which disease is associated with Anti-jo1 antibodies:
What disease is associated with
Anti-scl antbodies:
Anti-centromere:
Polymyositis
Diffuse systemic sclerosis
Limited systemic sclerosis
Neuropathic drug to avoid in BPH:
Amitriptyline - increased risk of retention
