Mixed Qs Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
Splitting of S2
A
Normal finding in young pts
2
Q
AS- Poor prognostic factor
A
Dyspnea
3
Q
Meds cause TdP
A
Ondansetron, Methadone
4
Q
Health maintenance rec. for T2DM
A
Statins (40-75y/o)
5
Q
MCC of CHF
A
Arterial HTN
6
Q
Hemochromatosis
A
- Sx: T2DM, hyperpigmented skin, testicular atrophy, hepatomegaly, arthralgias
- Cardiac risk for: conduction abnormalities (Paroxysmal a-fib)
7
Q
Catheter-related Thrombosis (Sx)
A
Pain, diffuse swelling, warmth and erythema of affected extremity
8
Q
Physio changes in CHF
A
- Reduced CO
- Increased SVR
- Increased tone of efferent renal arterioles
9
Q
Aortic Dissection (risk factor)
A
HTN
10
Q
Post MI new MR murmur due to
A
Papillary muscle rupture
11
Q
Murmur that increase with handgrip (increased afterload)
A
VSD
12
Q
Sx: Acute Limb Ischemia
A
6P’s: pain, pulselessness, paresthesia, paresis (difficulty moving) and poikilothermia (cool to touch)
13
Q
When to repair AAA?
A
- Large asymptomatic (>5.0cm)
- Rapidly expanding (>0.5cm in 6 mo)
- Symptomatic (regardless of size)
14
Q
HTN Tx- African Americans
A
Thiazides Diuretics (Ex: Chlorthalidone)
15
Q
Dx of Aortic Dissection- Hemodynamically stable
A
CT angiography
16
Q
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
A
- Sx: HTN urgency, papilledema, severe headache, abdominal bruit
- Do: CTA
17
Q
Cardiac defect in Down’s syndrome
A
Atrioventricular septal defects (endocardial cushion defects)
18
Q
Mobitz Type 1- EKG findings
A
progressive lengthening of PR interval until QRS drops
19
Q
HFpEF is due to
A
Impaired myocardial relaxation
20
Q
Postthrombotic syndrome
A
- post- DVT complication in the affected extremity
- Sx: pain, swelling, pruritus, varicose veins and skin changes (ej: venous ulcers)
21
Q
What can cause fluid retention in Right HF?
A
- Chronic pulmonary HTN
- Mostly due to COPD (cor purmonale)
22
Q
Absent P waves on EKG
A
- A-fib
- Possible thrombosis manifestations (acute splenic infarct)
23
Q
Pseudoaneurysm- management
A
- < 3cm: observe and serial imaging
- > 3cm: U/S guided thrombin injection
24
Q
Tricuspid valve atresia
A
- Imperforate AV septum
- EKG findings: left axis deviation
25
Therapy to improve long term exercise in **stable angina**
Beta blockers (Atenolol)
26
Amiodarone A/E
* Chronic interstitial pneumonitis
* Thyroid Problems
* Blue-gray skin changes
27
How to tx an aortic dissection- type A
Surgery (aortic graft replacement)
28
Dx of PAD
* ABI
* 0.4-0.9 indicates mild to mod.
29
Management of PE in stable patient:
Anticoagulation (**LMWH**)
30
Meds that improve long term survival post-MI
1. Statins
2. Beta blockers
3. Aspirin
31
Dx study to determine the cause of a stroke post-DVT
TEE with agitated saline to look for PFO
32
MOA of nitrates
Mostly **venous dilation** which leads to decreased end-diastolic volume (decreased preload)
33
Pulse pattern in Cardiac tamponade
Pulsus paradoxus (systolic BP decreases 10mmHg during inspiration)
34
Heparin A/E
* HIT- decreased platelets and thrombotic event
* Dx: Immunoassay to detect anti-heparin/plt factor IV antibodies
35
Test to evaluate atypical chest pain (GI discomfort)
Stress Test
36
MCC of AR in young adults
Congenital bicuspid aortic valve
37
EKG of Pericarditis
Diffuse ST elevations
38
Digitalis toxicity
* blurry vision
* hyperkalemia
* GI upset
* Arrhythmias
39
What causes the sx of AS?
Increased left ventricular oxygen demand
40
Strongest predisposing factor of hemorrhagic strokes
HTN
41
PPx for thromboembolism as a result of DVT
Heparin or Warfarin
42
How to prevent peripheral edema caused by Amlodipine
Give ACE (-pril)
43
Tx for symptomatic MS
Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC)
* has decreased mortality rates
* less invasive than replacement
44
What needs to be done for a-fib (longer than 48hrs) before cardioversion
* Give systemic anticoag. for 3 weeks
* Perform TEE to detect potential thrombi if can't wait for 3 weeks to cardiovert
45
Management of acute STEMI
* Less than 90 minutes since onset: PCTA (angioplasty)
* More than 120 mins since onset: Fibrinolytic therapy (Alteplase, etc)
46
Test of choice for DVT dx
Compression U/S
47
When anticoag is contraindicated for DVT
* Poor kidney fx
* Hx of recent surgery
* Hx of intracranial hemorrhage
48
ACLS algorithm for V-fib
* 2 rounds of defib
* Give epinephrine
* 1 round of defib
* Give **amiodarone **
49
Coarctation of the aorta
* high BP in upper extremities
* lower body hypoperfusion (cold feet)
* brachio-femoral delay
50
Dx of unstable v-tach
Synchronized cardioversion
51
SOB, hypoxia, crackles and lung opacities on CXR **2hrs after blood transfusion**
TACO
* will have sx of volume overload like: pulm. edema, JVD, S3
52
Echo of HOCM pt
* Abnormal movement of mitral valve
* asymmetrical septal hypertrophy
53
What decreases risk of amputation in thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO)
Stop smoking
54
How to know underlying cause prior to onset of ALI in patient with A-fib
do Echo- will show thrombus
55
Benign murmur in kids
Venous hum
56
what is a venous hum
Continous murmur heard at the supraclavicular region
57
Fixed, split S2 in kids
ASD
58
Chronic thromboembolic pulm. HTN
* Cor pulmonale sx
* Decreased vascular markings on CXR
* Bruits over lung fields
* Normal PCWP
59
Ekg with sinus pauses
Sinus sick syndrome
60
Tet spells are from what congenital heart disease?
Tetralogy of Fallot
61
Heart sound seen in long standing HTN
S4
62
Management for A-fib (stable and unstable)
* stable- CCBs or BB
* unstable- synchronized cardioversion
63
Management of cardiac tamponade in hemo unstable pt
TTE
64
Bilateral limb ischemia and mesenteric ischemia may be caused by:
Aortic occlusion due to thrombus
65
Man: recurrent cardiac tamponade in cancer pt
Create a pericardial window
66
Findings in CHF that is associated with increased mortality
Decreased serum Na- assoc. with decrease CO
67
HOCM tx
Beta blockers
68
Test for eval of new onset a-fib
Measure TSH levels
69
PAD may be at risk for:
Acute MI
70
What type of shunt is VSD
L --> R shunt through ventricular septum
71
Management of idiopathic APBs
Avoid triggers like: caffeine, alcohol, stress and smoking
72
Management: hem stable pts with acute mesenteric ischemia
Endovascular revascularization
73
MC site for PAD
Stenosis of femoropopliteal artery
74
Cardiac tamponade- EKG findings
electrical alternans
