Mixture, separation

Question 1

What are the states of matter

Answer 1

Liquid
Solid
Gas

Question 2

What are examples of the three states of matter

Answer 2

Water
Ice
Steam

Question 3

A description of a liquid in terms of particles

Answer 3

Closer than gas but further apart than solid no order

Question 4

A description of a gas in terms of particles

Answer 4

They move in random directions

Question 5

A description of a solid in terms of particles

Answer 5

In an organised form

Question 6

What is the freezing point of stearic acid

Answer 6

69

Question 7

Why on a graph when something is changing state does the line level out

Answer 7

Because it needs time to break or make the bonds

Question 8

What is the process in which a liquid turns to a solid

Answer 8

Freezing

Question 9

What is the process in which a solid turns into a liquid

Answer 9

Melting

Question 10

When a solid turns to a liquid what happens to the energy and bonds

Answer 10

Energy is gained and bonds between the particles weaken

Question 11

When a liquid turns to a solid what happens to the energy and bonds

Answer 11

Energy is released and stronger bonds form between particles

Question 12

Why would naphthalene have a higher melting point than stearic acid

Answer 12

Stearic acid has less energy

Question 13

What does the amount of energy needed to change state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas depend on

Answer 13

The strength of the forces between the particles of the substances

Question 14

What is a pure substance

Answer 14

A single element or compound not mixed with any other substance

Question 15

What can a pure substance mean in every day language

Answer 15

A substance that has nothing added to it so it is unadulterated and in its natural state e.g. milk

Question 16

What is an element

Answer 16

A substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 17

What is a molecule

Answer 17

When the atoms are joined in groups of two or more

Question 18

What is a compound

Answer 18

They contain two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded

Question 19

How is a compound made

Answer 19

When atoms of different elements react and join together

Question 20

What are the properties of mixtures

Answer 20

Elements can be in any proportions
Each element still has its own properties
Can be separated by physical means e.g. temperature
Small energy change involved

Question 21

What are the properties of a compound

Answer 21

The proportions of elements never vary
Very different properties to the elements it’s made up of
Separated by chemical reactions
Large energy changes involved

Question 22

What is a mixture

Answer 22

Contains different particles

Question 23

Does a pure substance melts and boil at specific temperature

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

Does a mixture melt and boil at specific temperature is it

Answer 24

No over a range

Question 25

What is a formulation

Answer 25

A mixture that has been designed as a useful product

Question 26

What are some examples of formulations

Answer 26

``` Alloys Fertilisers Fuels Medicines Cleaning agents Food and drinks Paint ```

Question 27

I how would you separate solids of different sizes

Answer 27

Sieving

Question 28

How would you separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

Answer 28

Filtering

Question 29

How would you separate a solvent from a solution

Answer 29

Distillation

Question 30

How would you separate a soluble solid from a liquid

Answer 30

Evaporation

Question 31

How would you separate a mixture of dies

Answer 31

Chromatography

Question 32

What does insoluble mean

Answer 32

A solid that will not dissolve in a solvent

Question 33

What does soluble mean

Answer 33

A solid that will dissolve in a solvent

Question 34

What is a solvent

Answer 34

A liquid in which chemicals dissolve to make a solution

Question 35

What is solute

Answer 35

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent

Question 36

What is fractional distillation

Answer 36

When a substance is separated according to the different boiling points when the solution is heated Ethan will evaporate first and be collected the water will remain behind until its boiling .100° is reached

Question 37

What is simple distillation

Answer 37

It is used to obtain a solvent from a solute the solution is heated so that the solvent evaporates the solute is left behind the gas cools in the condenser and turns back into a liquid this liquid is collected and is pure solvent

Question 38

In chromatography what are the substances separated according to

Answer 38

How strongly they stick to the paper | How soluble they are in the solvent

Question 39

How does chromatography work

Answer 39

The water is drawn up by capillary action when is the solvent reaches the ink spots they are dissolved and carried with the water as it moves up the people the most soluble in travels the fastest what’s the less water soluble inks are left near the bottom of the paper

Question 40

What is capillary action

Answer 40

Sticky attractive force between water molecules and the paper

Question 41

What does RF stand for

Answer 41

Retention factor

Question 42

What is the RF

Answer 42

The ratio of the distance travelled by the sample to the distance travelled by the Solent

Question 43

What is the formula for RF

Answer 43

RF = distance moved by sample | Distance moved by solvent

Question 44

What is a solution

Answer 44

A solute dissolved in a solvent

Question 45

What is a non-aqueous solution

Answer 45

A solution where the solute is dissolved in a solvent isn’t water

Question 46

What is an aqueous solution

Answer 46

A solution where a solute is dissolved in water