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MKSAP Dermatology Flashcards

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1
Q

Name at least 1 of the following: weak, low, medium topical steroids

A

Weak: hydrocortisone 1% or 2.5%
Low: desonide 0.05%, fluocinolone 0.01%, *triamcinolone 0.025%
Medium: *triamcinolone 0.1%, fluocinolone 0.025%, *betamethasone 0.1%, *fluticasone 0.05%, hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%, hydrocortisone valerate 0.02%

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2
Q

Name 2 vitamin D analogues

A

Calcipotriene, Tacalcitol

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3
Q

Name 3 topical retinoids.

A

Tretinoin, Adapalene, Tazarotene

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4
Q

What are some treatment options for papulopustular rosacea? Name 3. What can be used to temporarily reduce erythema in rosacea?

A
  1. Topical metronidazole, azelaic acid, topical ivermectin; oral doxycycline
  2. Brimonidine, Oxymetazoline (alpha-2 agonists)
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5
Q

What are some treatment options for hidradenitis suppurativa?

A

Chlorhexidine washes, topical clindamycin, tetracyclines or combination of clindamycin + rifampin, adalimumab

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6
Q

What is the first line treatment for head or pubic lice, and what is the treatment for resistant lice?

A
  1. 1% permethrin cream rinse

2. 0.5% malathion

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7
Q

What structures are involved in first through fourth degree burns? Which ones do not have pain?

A

1st: epidermis
2nd: partial thickness has epidermis destroyed and partial dermis; full thickness has epidermis and dermis destroyed
3rd: epidermis, dermis, and fat
4th: epidermis, dermis, fat, muscle and/or bone
* Minimal pain in 3rd and 4th degree

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8
Q

How do you diagnose hereditary angioedema? Is it associated w/ hives?

A

C1 esterase inhibitor, C4 complement

It is NOT associated with hives

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9
Q

What are some conditions that can present w/ pruritis? Name 5.

A

Uremia, cholestatic hepatobiliary disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis C, thyroid disease, polycythemia vera, lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma

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10
Q

What are some medications that can cause pruritis? Name 3.

A

Opiates, calcium channel blockers, HCTZ, NSAIDs

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11
Q

What is the treatment for contact dermatitis, including poison ivy?

A

2-3 week taper of systemic steroids; because of risk of rebound dermatitis shorter courses of steroids are not recommended

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12
Q

What medication can cause microtia, external ear canal stenosis, cleft palate, hydrocephalus, and cardiac outflow trace defects in pregnant women?

A

Isotretinoin

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13
Q

What medication can lead to acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and dental staining/enamel hypoplasia in the 2nd and 3rd trimester?

A

Tetracyclines

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14
Q

Which basal cell carcinoma presents as pearly/translucent nodule or papule w/ telangiectasias? Which presents as shiny blue-black papules, nodules, or plaques and is more common in patients w/ darker skin? Which presents w/ atrophic plaques or papules, and is the most aggressive? Which presents as a pink-red patch with or without scale?

A
  1. Nodular
  2. Pigmented
  3. Sclerotic
  4. Superficial
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15
Q

When can curettage & electrodessication be used for BCC? When can it not be used?

A

Superficial or nodulars BCC on the trunk
Cannot use for tumors >2 cm, those w/ poorly defined borders, recurrent or high-risk histologic subtypes, and those appearing in face, scalp, and eyelids

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16
Q

What are 2 topical chemo agents that can be used for superficial BCC? What agents are used for metastatic or inoperable BCC lesions?

A
  1. 5-FU or imiquimod

2. Vismodegib, Sonidegib (oral hedgehog pathway inhibitors)

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17
Q

Which melanoma presents w/ ill-defined asymmetric brown/black macules or patches and is more common in older patients? Which is the most common type? Which presents as blue-black, smooth or eroded nodules and is most aggressive? Which presents mostly on palms and soles, and is more common in darker skin?

A
  1. Lentigo maligna
  2. Superficial
  3. Nodular
  4. Acral lentiginous
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18
Q

What is the treatment of tinea on non-hair bearing skin? What is the treatment for tinea capitus, onychomycosis, and extensive tinea?

A
  1. Topical clotrimazole, terbinafine

2. Oral itraconazole, terbinafine

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19
Q

What antibodies are found in bullous pemphigoid? Pemphigus vulgaris?

A
  1. Antibodies against basement membrane (direct immunofluorescence shows linear IgG deposition at basement membrane)
  2. Antibodies against desmoglein (direct immunofluorescence shows intercellular IgG deposition)
    * Obtain perilesional skin biopsy for immunofluorescence
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20
Q

What are some drugs that can exacerbate psoriasis? Name 5.

A

Beta blockers, NSAIDs, ACEi, tetracyclines, lithium, steroids, antimalarial drugs

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21
Q

What type of psoriasis may present after beta hemolytic strep infection? What type can present after abrupt discontinuation of steroids, and what is the treatment? What type presents w/ red, thin plaques in the axillae, under the breasts or pannus, intergluteal cleft, and perineum?

A
  1. Guttate
  2. Pustular; Cyclosporine
  3. Inverse
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22
Q

Which of the following involves the scrotum? Tinea cruris vs. candida

A

Candida

Tinea does NOT

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23
Q

What is the treatment for tinea/pityriasis versicolor?

A

Topical ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione

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24
Q

When is a sentinel node lymph node biopsy needed in melanoma?

A

> 1 mm thick

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25
What conditions are porphyria cutanea tarda associated with? Name 4. What is the treatment?
1. Hepatitis C, HIV, hemochromatosis, excess alcohol, estrogen use, smoking 2. Treat underlying condition; phlebotomy if iron overload; hydroxychloroquine
26
What is the first step in working up the cause of erythema nodosum?
CXR to rule out lymphoma, sarcoidosis, TB, or fungal infection
27
What is the treatment for acute paronychia? Chronic paronychia?
Acute: warm compresses, I&D, oral abx in severe cases Chronic: minimize inciting factors; topical steroids and antifungal agents to reduce inflammation
28
What are some drugs that can cause hypertrichosis? Name 5.
Cyclosporine, phenytoin, minoxidil, penicillamine, methyldopa, metoclopramide, diazoxide, reserpine
29
What are some conditions that are associated w/ alopecia areata? Name 5. What is the management?
1. Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, DM, atopic eczema 2. If <50% scalp involvement topical steroids + topical minoxidil, anthralin, intralesional steroids; if >50% scalp topical immunotherapy (squaric acid or DPCP), topical steroids, topical minoxidil, phototherapy, intralesional triamcinolone for brows, bimatoprost for eyelashes
30
What are some conditions/medications associated with telogen effluvium? Name 5 of each.
1. Anemia, thyroid disease, significant weight loss, eating disorders, pregnancy, high fever, major surgery, blood loss, mental stress; anabolic steroids, antithyroid meds, AEDs, beta blockers, oral retinoids, warfarin
31
What are some causes of erythema multiforme? Name 5.
Herpes simplex, mycoplasma, NSAIDs, sulfonamides, AEDs
32
What should be checked before starting AEDs or allopurinol, especially in those of Asian ancestry?
HLA-B*5801 or HLA-B*1502
33
What are some medications that commonly lead to SJS/TEN? Name 5.
Allopurinol, ampicillin/amoxicillin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, bactrim, sulfasalazine, nevirapine
34
What are some meds that most commonly cause DRESS? Name 5.
Abacavir, allopurinol, phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, minocycline, PPIs, sulfasalazine
35
What are some medications that commonly lead to drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus? Name 6.
ACEi, hydralazine, HCTZ, NSAIDs, PPIs, terbinafine, TNF inhibitor (adalimumab), griseofulvin
36
Which subtype of chronic cutaneous lupus presents as painful red indurated subcutaneous plaques that eventually cause atrophy and scarring depressions, and can rarely transform into a form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma?
Lupus panniculitis
37
What presents w/ sclerosis of the deep dermis and subcutis as peau d'orange induration of proximal extremities, tightening of the skin, and can appear after periods of intense physical activity? What is the treatment?
1. Eosinophilic fasciitis | 2. Systemic steroids or methotrexate
38
What are the management options for calciphylaxis?
Parathyroidectomy for those w/ hyperparathyroidism, surgical debridement, use of low-calcium dialysate, IV sodium thiosulfate (increases solubility of calcum deposits, thus clearing the blockages), bisphosphonates if all else fails
39
What disease presents w/ pruritic hyperkeratotic umbilicated papules or nodules w/ overlying hyperpigmentation in patients w/ ESRD or DM? What is the treatment?
1. Kyrle disease 2. Oatmeal baths, synthetic detergent cleansers, emollients, topical antipruritic agents; surgery if only a few nodules present
40
What are some conditions associated w/ sweet syndrome? Name 8.
AML, chronic leukemia, multiple myeloma, MDS, myeloproliferative disorders, solid tumors, Behcet disease, IBD, relapsing polychondritis, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease
41
What is the treatment for dermatitits herpetiformis?
Gluten free diet, dapsone
42
What 3 conditions are acanthosis nigricans associated with?
DM, gastric cancer, genitourinary cancer
43
What condition presents w/ generalized waxy appearance, easy bruising w/ minor pressure, violaceous discoloration around eyes, yellow waxy papules and plaques especially in periorbital region, dystrophic nails, and macroglossia?
Amyloidosis
44
What presents w/ eczematous or psoriasiform eruption around orifices and flexural and acral areas? What condition is it associated with?
1. Necrolytic migratory erythema | 2. Glucagonoma
45
What malignancy is associated w/ keratoderma of palms and soles?
SCC of esophagus
46
What malignancies are associated with explosive onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses (leser-trelat sign)?
GI adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer
47
Name at least 1 high potency steroid and ultra potency steroid
High: fluocinonide 0.05%, betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%, halcinonide 0.1%, amcinonide 0.1%, desoximetasone 0.25%, triamcinolone acetonide 0.5% Ultra: Clobetasol 0.05%, Halobetasol 0.05%, Diflorasone 0.05%, Flurandrenolide tape, augmented betamethasone 0.05%
48
What is the management for erythrasma?
Topical erythromycin, clarithromycin, or clindamycin
49
What are some conditions that wood lamp exam is used for? Name 4.
Changes in pigmentation (vitiligo, melasma), pityriasis versicolor, tinea capitis, erythrasma, porphyria cutanea tarda
50
Which topical antibiotics can cause an allergic contact dermatitis?
Neomycin and bacitracin
51
What type of phototherapy is first line in psoriasis?
Narrowband ultraviolet B
52
What presents as large, noninflammatory woody-indurated plaques over the shoulder girdle, neck, and upper extremities, and may be associated with diabetes?
Scleredema
53
What presents with waxy yellow-red papules overlying thickened skin affecting the face, upper torso, and upper extremities, and may be associated w/ paraproteinemia?
Scleromyxedema
54
What presents w/ perioral and acral (in the extremities) erythematous and vesiculobullous dermatitis and alopecia, and is related to zinc deficiency but can also be associated with Crohns disease?
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
55
How does urticarial vasculitis differ from urticaria?
Lesions last for >24 hours, presents w/ painful or burning lesions rather than pruritis, leaves bruise-like changes when they resolve Typically associated w/ underlying autoimmune disease; has risk for multisystem disease including nephritis
56
What is the treatment for pitted keratolysis?
Topical abx (clindamycin, erythromycin), OTC benzoyl peroxide, topical antiperspirants (aluminum hydroxide)
57
What presents w/ deep, crawling, or tingling sensation on the forearms, shoulders, and upper back without a visible rash? What is it due to? What makes it better symptomatically?
1. Brachioradial pruritis 2. Inflammation or irritation of cervical nerves 3. Application of ice or cold packs improves it
58
What presents w/ orange, atrophic plaques on anterior shins in diabetics? What presents w/ large non-inflammatory bullae on lower extremities of diabetics? What presents w/ multiple hyperpigmented macules on anterior shins of diabetics?
1. Necrobiosis lipoidica 2. Bullous diabeticorum 3. Diabetic dermopathy
59
What presents w/ one herald patch followed by many small pruritic patches in a "Christmas tree" distribution that lasts 1-3 months? What is the treatment?
1. Pityriasis rosea | 2. Topical steroids and anti-histamines for pruritis
60
Crusted scabies can be seen in HIV and other immunodeficiencies. What is the treatment?
Topical permethrin AND oral ivermectin
61
What cancers are associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus?
Lymphoma, CLL, Castleman disease
62
What variant of psoriasis presents w/ red, thin plaques in the scalp, eyebrows, nasolabial folds, central chest, and pubic area?
Sebopsoriasis

Dermatology (1 decks)

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