MKSAP: IM Flashcards
What can significantly increase the accuracy of a breast exam?
- the duration
- the examiner should spend 3 minutes per breast
What are the recommendations for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening?
-men ages 65-70 yrs who are, or have ever been smokers should be screened via an abdominal ultrasound once
What has been shown to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease?
-annual chlamydial screening of sexually active women < 24 yrs old and other women who are at increased risk
What are the colon cancer screening recommendations for a person with a familial hx of colon cancer? What does it mean by familial risk?
- familial risk = multiple first degree relatives or a first degree relative < 60 yrs old
- screening: every 5 yrs starting at age 40, or 10 yrs before the youngest diagnosis!
What 3 cardiovascular findings are normal in pregnancy?
- Systolic murmur
- S3 gallop
- Mild peripheral edema
What is considered hazardous drinking in young men (< 65 yrs)? In older men ( > 65 yrs)?
- young = more than 4 drinks on a given day, or more than 14 drinks per week
- old = more than 3 on a given day, or more than 7 drinks per week
What cardio med is contraindicated with cocaine use? Why?
-Beta-blockers –> bc cocaine causes both alpha and beta stimulation, so using a beta blocker would cause unopposed stimulation of alpha receptors!
What ankle-brachial index indicates leg ischemia?
- <0.9 & decreases 20% or greater with exercise
What BMI indicates obesity tx with medications? Surgical tx?
- medications: > 27 with comorbidities or > 30
- surgery: > 35 with comorbidities or > 40
Orlistat: MOA? Results? Sfx?
- MOA: lipase inhibitor, increases fecal fat loss
- results: average of 6.3 lbs lost in 12 mnths
- sfx: related to malabsorption of fat
Sibutramine: MOA? Results? Sfx?
- MOA: appetite suppressant that works through combine NE and serotonin reuptake inhibition
- results: 9.8 lbs at 12 mnths
- sfx: increase in HR, BP, nervousness, dry mouth, headache, insomnia
How long does it typically take for a girl’s menses to regulate? What does it mean if it doesnt?
- usually takes a year
- can suggest PCOS if it doesnt regulate
When should oral antibiotics be used for acne treatment? How long does it take to determine efficacy? Which are the best to use?
- used: when the combination of a topical comedolytic agent (ex retinoid) plus a topical antibiotic have not worked
- duration: takes 6-8 wks to determine efficacy
- which: use an oral tetracycline + an additional topical antibiotic
Corticosteroids and acne?
-nit used for tx and can even cause acne!
Tx for comedonal-only acne?
-topical retinoids
