MLA Flashcards
Temporary (25 cards)
Which condition is associated with squaring of the thumbs?
Osteoarthritis
What is the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in the number of joints affected
Rheumatoid affects multiple joints while osteo does not
What is the difference between osteoarthiritis and gout/ septic arthiritis
if one joint is affected?
Gout/ septic arthiritis is more acute
What is the anatomy that is affected in de quervain’s tenosynovitis
extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons are inflamed
What is the presentation of quervain’s tenosynovitis
abduction of the thumb against resistance is painful
pain on the radial side of the wrist
What test can be done for quervain’s tenosynovitis
Finkelsteins test- pull against thumb which causes pain
Who is affected for quervain’s tenosynovitis
30- 50yrs old Female
What is the management of quervains tenosynovitis
Analgesia
Steroid injection
Splint
What is used to treat acute attacks of gout
NSAIDs or colchicine
What is used to treat long term gout
Allopurinol
What are risk factors for gout
Alcohol
Red meat
Diuretics
CKD
What is the most common organism in septic arthiritis
Staph aureus
Gonnorrhoea- sexually active young adults
What is the investigation for septic arthiritis
Synovial fluid sampling
Which is the most appropriate test to monitor his respiratory function in someone with a neuromuscular disease
FVC
What are the rulings of diabetic drugs for surgery
ALL- take as normal day before except Once daily insulins reduce by 20%
Metformin - take as normal unless TDS omit lunchtime dose
DDP4 & GLP1(tides)- as normal
Sulfonylureas- omit whenever the surgery is ( morning omit morning dose if taken BD etc, afternoon omit all)
SGLT2- omit on days of surgery
What are the rulings of antithrombin drugs for surgery?
Warfarin- stop 5 days before, check INR day before, restart on evening or day after surgery
DOACS-stop 24hrs before low/moderate bleeding risk surgery (e.g. hernia repair).
stop 48 hrs before high bleeding risk surgery (e.g. cardiothoracic surgery).
in renal impairment (e.g. CrCl <30), stop up to 72 hours before high-risk surgery.
restart:
6–12 hrs post-op for minor procedures
after 48 hrs for high-risk surgery
Aspirin- normal
clopidogrel/prasugrel: Stop 7 days
ticagrelor: Stop 5 days
low-risk procedures: can proceed on DAPT.
high-risk procedures: ideally delay surgery.
What are the rulings of steroids for surgery?
Convert to IV hydrocortisone
Minor procedure - restart immediately
Major- continue up to 72 hours
What are the rulings of ACE inhibitors/ARB for surgery?
Stopped 24hrs before surgery
What is the difference between a partial seizure and TIA
Partial seizure has twitching of the muscles which is not the same as weakness- and then after the fact it causes post ictal period -this weakness but during the episode it causes twitching
Differently - TIA episode IS the weakness
stroke/ TIA causes loss of function, not abnormal positive motor activity
What is jacksonian march and what is it associated with
Clonic movements travelling proximally
focal seizures
What type of nystagmus is there and for what diagnosis?
Unilateral - menieres disease
Multidirectional- Stroke
What is the difference between cerebellar stroke and your classic stroke?
Triad of headache, nausea/vomitting and ataxia
Cortical stroke - hemiperisis and facial droop
Difference between scleritis and gluacoma
Glucoama is associated with fixed mid- dilated pupil
What is the presentation of glaucoma?
sudden pain and redness
Peripheral vision loss
Blurred vision
vomiting
Acute presentation
