MLAP REVIEW

Question 1

major extracellular cation

Answer 1

sodium

Question 2

major intracellular cation

Answer 2

potassium

Question 3

which of the following is the liver specific enzyme?

a. CK
b. ALP
c. ALT
d. AST
e. Lipase

Answer 3

c. ALT

Question 4

true or false. hypoventilation will cause blood pH to decrease due to increased carbon dioxide

Answer 4

true

Question 5

condition that is characterized by yellow skin

Answer 5

jaundice

Question 6

which CK isoenzyme is also known as CK1?

a. CK
b. CK-MB
c. CK-MM
d. CK-BB

Answer 6

d. CK-BB

CK-BB = CK1 = brain type
CK-MB = CK2 = hybrid type (heart)
CK-MM = CK3 = muscle type

Question 7

serum sodium and potassium level of patient with addison’s disease

Answer 7

low sodium, high potassium levels

addison’s disease - adrenal sufficiency (decreased production of aldosterone and cortisol)

Question 8

compensatory mechanism of metabolic acidosis

Answer 8

decrease pCO2

Question 9

color of the end product in Jendrassik-Grof method for bilirubin

Answer 9

blue

Jendrassik-Groff = blue
Evelyn-Malloy = pink

Question 10

immunoglobulin that is associated with macro-CK

Answer 10

E. IgG

Question 11

when acute myocardial infarction occurs, in what order (first to last) does CK, AST, and LD is elevated first in serum?

a. LD, AST, CK
b. LD, CK, AST
c. CK, AST, LD

Answer 11

c. CK, AST, LD

Question 12

first protein to increase in acute myocardial infarction

Answer 12

myoglobin

Question 13

body system that is a network of ductless glands

Answer 13

endocrine system

Question 14

how does endocrine system regulate different body processes?

Answer 14

hormones

Question 15

endocrine vs exocrine glands

Answer 15

endocrine - ductless, secretes product directly in the blood stream

exocrine - have ducts

Question 16

organ that have both exocrine and endocrine part

Answer 16

pancreas

Question 17

exocrine part of pancreas

Answer 17

amylase and lipase

Question 18

endocrine part of pancreas

Answer 18

insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

Question 19

functions of hormones

Answer 19

maintain bodily functions

Question 20

how are hormones produced?

Answer 20

1. hypothalamus (releasing hormone)
2. anterior pituitary (stimulating hormone)
3. target gland (target gland hormone)

Question 21

positive feedback mechanism

Answer 21

self-amplifying cycle
(meron ng hormone, dadagdagan pa ng body mo ang production)

applicable in: childbirth (oxytocin)

Question 22

negative feedback mechanism

Answer 22

reverses changes 
(kapag mataas, babawasan, vice versa)

applicable in: blood glucose level
low bg - glucagon
high bg - insulin

Question 23

storage of hormones

Answer 23

posterior pituitary gland

Question 24

hormones of thyroid gland

Answer 24

follicular cells:
triiodothyronine (t3)
thyroxine (t4)
fxn: growth and metabolism

parafollicular cells:
calcitonin
fxn: calcium regulation (decreases calcium)

Question 25

parathyroid hormone fxn:

Answer 25

calcium regulation (increases calcium)

Question 26

2 parts of adrenal gland

Answer 26

cortex | medulla

Question 27

cortex layers (gfr) and their hormones

Answer 27

zona glomerulosa - aldosterone zona fasciculata - cortisol zona reticularis - androgens (DHEA)

Question 28

medulla hormones

Answer 28

norepinephrine epinephrine dopamine

Question 29

gonads

Answer 29

testes - testosterone | ovaries - estrogen and progesterone

Question 30

3 types of estrogen

Answer 30

E1 - estrone E2 - estradiol E3 - estriol

Question 31

common in menopause

Answer 31

estrone

Question 32

predominant in pregnancy

Answer 32

estriol

Question 33

predominant in regular

Answer 33

estradiol

Question 34

placenta

Answer 34

human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 35

hCG fxn

Answer 35

maintains corpus luteum

Question 36

2 subunits of hCG

Answer 36

alpha | beta

Question 37

what subunit does pregnancy test kit detects

Answer 37

beta subunit (specific for hCG)

Question 38

endocrine diagnostic tests

Answer 38

suppression test normal response: decreased diseases: increased stimulation test normal response: increased diseases: decreased

Question 39

what other hormones have a similarity with alpha subunit of hCG?

Answer 39

LH, TSH, and FSH