MLE

Question 1

Which dialect is on course to be replaced by MLE?

Answer 1

Cockney

Question 2

According to who?

Answer 2

Paul Kerswill

Question 3

How long has this traditional accent been around?

Answer 3

500+ years

Question 4

How long do they think it will take for MLE to replace it?

Answer 4

30 years

Question 5

Which accents is MLE a mixture of?

Answer 5

Jamaican creole, cockney and BBE

Question 6

More specifically, what kind of Englishes formed MLE?

Answer 6

Cockney, media, learner varieties of varieties, peer groups, cockney, ex-colonial (Pakistan,Nigeria), creole (Jamaican).

Question 7

Who (mainly? originally?) speaks MLE?

Answer 7

Young Afro-Caribbean men

Question 8

Why does Kerswill think young Afro- Caribbean men in particular use MLE?

Answer 8

As an “ exclusionary strategy “

Question 9

Quotation

Answer 9

“Cockney in the East End is now transforming itself into MLE, a new melting point mixture of all this people living in London who learnt English as a second language.”

Question 10

What is AAVE?

Answer 10

African American Vernacular Englisj

Question 11

Where/how did AAVE originate?

Answer 11

Roots in the slave trade where people captured from west Africa were force to form there own language (pidgin/creole)

Question 12

What is a pidgin?

Answer 12

Simplified language created to enable communication between groups with no common language.

Question 13

What is a creole?

Answer 13

A mother tongue formed from contact- a nativised pidgin ( Jamaican creole)

Question 14

What is BBE? What creole is it based on and why?

Answer 14

British Black English. High immigration if people into the Uk in the 1950s/60s (Windrush Generation) meant Jamaican creole was adopted by British speakers.

Question 15

Until when was Jamaica a colony?

Answer 15

1962

Question 16

Why is Jamaican creole recognised as an independent language?

Answer 16

It’s the native language of people from Jamaica or within Jamaican diaspora

Question 17

According to Bill Bryson, what have these new widely used creoles done to English?

Answer 17

They are “used widely and enriching English”

Question 18

Who said that creole was “widely seen as cool” and used “in opposition to authority”?

Answer 18

Ben Rompton

Question 19

Who commissioned a survey to assess the current knowledge / popularity of Cockney?

Answer 19

The Museum of London 2012

Question 20

According to this survey, how many Londoners are no longer familiar with Cockney rhyming slang?

Answer 20

80%

Question 21

In terms of origin,what do Cockney and MLE have in common?

Answer 21

Both formed as a secret language (argot) to evade others such as the police or hostile society and show solidarity amongst its users.

Question 22

Which linguists, in 1984 recognised that a “black cockney” or “multi-ethnic vernacular “ emerged out of the East End in the 1950s?

Answer 22

Mark Seba and Roger Hewitt

Question 23

Who located the origin of MLE to young people in the East Ebd in the early 1980s?

Answer 23

John Pitts

Question 24

What did he call “the act of a shift in a speech away from mainstream society that they felt was ignoring or constraint them”?

Answer 24

Resistance Identity

Question 25

He also describes youth language all over the world and in historical times as..?

Answer 25

“endeavouring to be incomprehensible “

Question 26

What is another word for this?

Answer 26

Argot

Question 27

Give 3 examples of a lexical/grammatical feature of MLE

Answer 27

Elliptical tag questions-“Innit” “You get me” Phonologically variant clippings-“Bruv” Indefinite pronoun man “Man’s hungry”

Question 28

Which feature is used by cockney speakers but not MLE speakers but not by MLE speakers?

Answer 28

The pronunciation of h

Question 29

Who coined the term multiethnolect, and what does it mean?

Answer 29

Clyne-Young people living in multicultural abs multilingual districts of large cities.

Question 30

What impact has poverty had in some areas,e.g Hackney, on the development of MLE?

Answer 30

Formation of dense family neighbourhood networks -enforces linguistic norms if a social group. Extreme ethnic heterogeneity and lack of residential segregation- contact across ethnic groups especially among young people

Question 31

The authentic vernacular variety of MLE is spoken by the working class-who else has adopted it,why, and how is we recognise it as a “style” of language, rather than an authentic form?

Answer 31

White people and the middle classes have adopted it either from peer groups, influence from the media or pop culture (rap/hip-hop) and the youths tendency to immerse themselves in culture to show solidarity.

Question 32

Why do you think it is emerging/has emerged in other large UK cities? Why is it possible to have predicted the spread?

Answer 32

Influence of the media, pop culture abs rise in use of MLE among youth and peer groups. F&D’s model of spread states that language change starts in London and spreads up the UK- explains rise in MLE.

Question 33

Who concluded from their research that white MLE speakers are not trying to sound like black youths, but have incorporated different influences because of their exposure to different varieties of English ?

Answer 33

Jenny Cheshire,Sue Fox and Paul Kerswill

Question 34

What did the research suggest had the biggest influence on whether an adolescent spoke MLE?

Answer 34

The area they grew up in

Question 35

What did Jenny Cheshire rename MLE as a result if it taking root far beyond London?

Answer 35

UBE- Urban British English