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MIDTERMS > MLT Midterm Exam > Flashcards

MLT Midterm Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the ratio of anticoagulant to blood in the light blue tube?

A

1:9

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2
Q

How is clotted blood obtained?

A

By using a tube to which an anticoagulant has not been added

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3
Q

If a physician calls for 4ml of serum what size and color of vacuum tube should be selected?

A

10mm, SST tube

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4
Q

After drawing blood for 4 ml of serum in an SST tube, what is the next immediate step?

A

Gently invert the tube 5 times

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5
Q

What is the consequence of a fibrin clot forming in the serum layer of a red top tube?

A

It will lead to inaccurate test results during analysis

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6
Q

What should be done if RBC’s enter the pipette while pipetting serum from a plain red top tube?

A

Re-centrifuge the specimen

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7
Q

Which of the following tests would NOT be performed on a plasma or serum sample:

  • Iron
  • Lipid assessment
  • Hemoglobin
A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis (separation of hgb and proteins)

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8
Q

What will happen if the needle is less than 15 degrees when performing venipuncture?

A

The needle may enter above the vein and not puncture it

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9
Q

What part of hemoglobin is essential to its oxygen-carrying capacity?

A

Heme

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10
Q

Define poikilocytosis

A

an increase in abnormal red blood cells of any shape

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11
Q

Define hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation

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12
Q

What is the function of RBC?

A

Transportation

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13
Q

What is included on a CBC test?

A

WBC count, WBC differential, RBC count, hematocrit, hgb, RBC indices

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14
Q

What is the most sensitive organ in the body?

A

Eyes

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15
Q

What are the three components of WHMIS?

A

Labels, SDS, Worker education and training

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16
Q

What is the function of WHMIS?

A

To protect workers in the workplace

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17
Q

Tissue that protects body?

A

Epithelial tissue

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18
Q

What does TD inscribed on a pipette indicate?

What is the function of a TD pipette?

A

To-deliver

For non-critical measurements. It’s filled properly and allowed to drain completely into a receiving vessel

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19
Q

What does TC inscribed on a pipette indicate?

What is the function of a TC pipette?

A

To-contain

For critical measurements, rinse out with solvent, most accurate with small volumes

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20
Q

What is the anticoagulant in the lavender tube?

A

EDTA

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21
Q

What is the anticoagulant in the light blue tube?

A

Sodium citrate

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22
Q

What is the anticoagulant in the green tube?

A

Heparin

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23
Q

What is the anticoagulant in the grey tube?

A

Potassium oxalate

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24
Q

What is the anticoagulant in the black tube?

A

Buffered sodium citrate

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25
What is sodium fluoride and where can we find it? It's function?
It's a preservative in the grey tube that helps prevent glycolysis
26
What is the normal range of pH buffer solution of the Wright's stain?
6.4-6.7
27
What is the name of immature WBC?
band or stab
28
How many minutes do you centrifuge a hematocrit?
5 minutes
29
What is the speed of the centrifuge?
10,000 - 12,000 rpm
30
What color ring does a tube for venous blood have?
Blue ring
31
What color ring do tubes that are heparinized have?
Red and green ring
32
ESR normal range for males and females?
Female: 0-20 mm/hr Male: 0-15 mm/hr
33
When performing venipuncture what is the area cleansed with?
70% alcohol
34
What is the remedy if the blood smear is too thick?
use a smaller drop of blood, faster spread, decreased angle
35
What is the remedy if the blood smear is too thin?
use a larger drop of blood, slower spread, increased angle
36
What is the formula to calculate cardiac output?
Stroke volume x heart rate
37
What factors do MOs need to grow?
proper nutrition, oxygen, body temperature, darkness, moisture, neutral pH
38
What happens during the sterilization process?
all MOs and spores are killed
39
Depth of lancets for newborns?
0.85 - 1.0 mm
40
How many times should you invert the following blood tubes: Lavender/Grey/Green Light blue SST/Plain red/red grey
8-10 3-4 5
41
What does the prefix DYS mean
abnormal
42
What does the suffix ALGIA mean
pain
43
What does the suffix GRAM, GRAPH, GRAPHY mean?
record machine process
44
What does the suffix MEGALY mean?
enlargement
45
What does the root word COSTO mean?
rib
46
What does the root word MYELO mean?
marrow
47
What is the main function of the skeletal system?
supports and protects the body, reservoir for minerals
48
What is the main function of the muscular system?
to produce movement
49
What is the main function of the skin system?
aids in body heat loss/retention, synthesizes vitamin D, barrier
50
What is the main function of the digestive system?
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, defecation
51
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchanges between blood and external environment; passageways to the lungs purify, humidify, and warm incoming air
52
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
Releases hormones into the blood, makes the chemical chemistry of the body
53
What is the main function of the reproductive system?
to ensure survival of the species
54
What is the main function of the urinary system?
to produce, store, and eliminate urine
55
What is the main function of the nervous system?
sensory input to gather information, integration, motor output
56
What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
body defense and resistance to disease
57
What is the meaning of "many layers"?
Stratified
58
Define keratin
tough, insoluble protein found in tissues such as hair, nails, and skin
59
What is the most abundant immunoglobulin?
IgG
60
Gross anatomy of the cell
nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm
61
What are the imaginary body planes?
Midsaggital, saggital, transverse, frontal
62
Define arteriosclerosis
thickening of the walls of the smaller arteries
63
What is a myelogram?
injection of contrast media into the spine
64
What is peristalsis?
involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles that creates wave-like motions
65
What does cystocentesis mean?
the process of getting urine from the bladder for analysis
66
List the disinfectants used in the lab:
1% sodium hypochlorite (for benches, desks, toilets but NOTHING METALLIC) 10% sodium hypochlorite (for blood spills) 70% isopropyl alcohol (for any instrument that doesn't pierce the skin) 2% glutaraldehyde (for metallic surfaces)
67
List antiseptics used in the lab:
``` 70% isopropyl alcohol (to decontaminate the skin during phlebotomy) Povidone Iodine (to destroy HIV) Chlorhexidine (used in case patient is allergic to iodine) ```
68
Where are antigens located?
Surface of red blood cells
69
Where are antibodies located?
in the plasma
70
What are the dorsal membranes?
Meninges
71
Define mitosis
Cell division
72
Define osmosis
movement of water molecules across semi-permeable membranes
73
Define anabolism, catabolism, metabolism
- chemical reaction where larger molecules are built from smaller ones - chemical reaction where substances are broken down to simpler substances - the chemical process that changes food into energy
74
Which test result would be increased if the SST should stay standing for a long time before centrifugation
Potassium (K)
75
What test is sensitive to the light?
bilirubin
76
Rhythm strip on an ECG recording is represented by?
Lead II
77
What are the WHMIS symbols?
``` Class A - compressed gases Class B - flammable and combustible Class C - oxidizing materials Class D - poisonous and infectious materials Class E - corrosive materials Class F - reactive materials ```
78
What is the pattern of blood flow through the heart?
``` From the vena cava To right atrium Through tricuspid valve Into right ventricle Into the pulmonary semi-lunar valve Into pulmonary arteries Lungs Pulmonary veins Left atrium Through bicuspid valve Into left ventricle Into aortic semi-lunar valve Aorta Rest of the body ```
79
What are the steps to performing venipuncture?
- Introduce yourself and ask the patient to state their full name - Make sure the name matches the form - Ask whether patient has allergies or phobia of blood/needles - Reassure patient if need be - Place a clean paper towel under patient's arm - Explain the test and obtain verbal consent - Anchor the vein by holding the patient's arm and placing a thumb below the venipuncture site - Ask the patient to form a fist so you can see the veins better, palpate with gloved hands - Enter the vein swiftly at a 15-30 degree angle - Once sufficient blood has been collected, release the tourniquet before withdrawing the needle - Withdraw the needle gently and apply gentle pressure to the site with clean cotton ball with the arm extended and raised. - Make sure patient is okay to leave
80
How do you prepare a blood specimen for transfer to public health?
- Obtain verbal consent from the patient before blood collection - Collect the specimen in a plain red tube - Handle specimen according to SOPs and place into a biohazard leak proof bag - Store the specimen in the appropriate temperature and wait for the courier to pick it up - Place the patient's requisition in the bag

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