MMbio 240

Question 1

Sequencing read

Answer 1

segmented fragments of the sequence

Question 2

Sequencing assembly

Answer 2

process of sequencing

Question 3

sequencing contig

Answer 3

overlapping clones in sequence

Question 4

consensus sequence

Answer 4

sequence that has nucleotides that are most used (majority rule)

Question 5

precision medicine

Answer 5

medicine tailored to certain genes

Question 6

diploid genome

Answer 6

2?

Question 7

ortholog

Answer 7

2 species with similar gene

Question 8

homolog

Answer 8

similarities within same species

Question 9

paralog

Answer 9

similarities within cell

Question 10

allele

Answer 10

one part of gene

Question 11

synteny

Answer 11

genes are similar across different species

Question 12

homologous chromosomes

Answer 12

2 chromosomes that are same

Question 13

sister chromatids

Answer 13

make up chromosome

Question 14

genomics

Answer 14

comparison of DNA sequences
better understand genetic composition and genetic relationships or evolution

Question 15

transcriptomics

Answer 15

comparisons of RNA (transcriptomes)

Question 16

proteomics

Answer 16

comparisons of proteins

Question 17

intron

Answer 17

portions of DNA that can be removed

Question 18

exon

Answer 18

codable parts of DNA

Question 19

splicing

Answer 19

splicing out introns

Question 20

linkage analysis

Answer 20

seeing if a disease is attached to a certain gene

Question 21

duplication

Answer 21

duplicating a nucleotide

Question 22

transposition

Answer 22

nucleotide gets moved to different part of gene

Question 23

inversion

Answer 23

gene gets inverted in on itself

Question 24

dot plot

Answer 24

can compare genes, see how closely related they are

Question 25

genome map

Question 26

phylogenetic tree

Answer 26

see how closely related organisms are

Question 27

clade

Answer 27

group with common ancestor

Question 28

branch

Answer 28

branch of phylogenetic tree

Question 29

node

Answer 29

common ancestor

Question 30

in group

Answer 30

clade all bunched together

Question 31

outgroup

Answer 31

organism with most differences

Question 32

motif

Answer 32

recurring sequence in genes

Question 33

topology

Answer 33

use topoisomerase to cut DNA strands

Question 34

telomere

Answer 34

end part of DNA

Question 35

centromere

Answer 35

center of chromosome

Question 36

kinetochore

Answer 36

place where spindles attach on the chromosome

Question 37

telomerase

Answer 37

adds nucleotides to telomere

Question 38

telomere repeat sequence

Answer 38

telomere repeats a lot. makes DNA polymerase unable to transcribe it

Question 39

genomic packaging

Answer 39

histones do this

Question 40

bacterial core proteins

Answer 40

kinda like histone proteins, DNA wraps around it

Question 41

nucleoid

Question 42

supercoil

Answer 42

coiled coiled DNA

Question 43

mtDNA

Answer 43

mitochondrial DNA

Question 44

histones

Answer 44

proteins that DNA wraps around. provide structural support for proteins

Question 45

Topoisomerase

Answer 45

enzymes that create alterations in DNA

Question 46

linkage sites (Lk)

Question 47

topoisomer

Question 48

NICK

Answer 48

small cut on gene

Question 49

electrophoresis

Question 50

relaxed DNA

Question 51

chromosomal scaffold

Answer 51

residue after extraction of histones, mostly histones

Question 52

linker DNA

Question 53

SMC protein

Answer 53

promote chromosome condensation. creates contact between segments of DNA

Question 54

HAT

Answer 54

transfers acetyl groups to histone tail

Question 55

HDAC

Answer 55

removes acetyl groups from histone tails