Mmidterm

Question 1

Ineffable force of the universe, controls things beyond explanation; “The Way”

Answer 1

Tao

Question 2

In Confucianism, the ultimate virtue of humanity

Answer 2

Ren

Question 3

In Confucianism, righteousness

Answer 3

Yi

Question 4

In Confucianism, social norms, including ritual, manners, and rules

Answer 4

Li

Question 5

The Confucian term for “gentleman,” a model of human excellence who is human, wise, and brave

Answer 5

Junzi

Question 6

An attitude of respect for parents and ancestors

Answer 6

Filial piety

Question 7

Collection of Confucius’ teachings

Answer 7

Analects

Question 8

Principle of Taoism that encourages inaction and following of the Tao

Answer 8

Wu-wei

Question 9

Goddess of mercy and passion in Chinese myth

Answer 9

Guanyin

Question 10

One of the five Confucian classics consisting of poetry

Answer 10

Book of Songs

Question 11

“The Enlightened One,” key figure in Buddhism

Answer 11

Buddha

Question 12

Sect of Buddhism that encourages attaining personal enlightenment

Answer 12

Chan/Zen

Question 13

An alternate name for Buddha, meaning “Sage of the Shakyas”

Answer 13

Sakyamuni

Question 14

In Buddhism, the idea that moral deeds interconnect with reincarnation

Answer 14

Karma

Question 15

First united Chinese empire

Answer 15

Qin Dynasty

Question 16

Chinese empire that began written history with oracle bones

Answer 16

Shang Dynasty

Question 17

Common features of East Asian countries

Answer 17

Chinese writing system derived languages, Shared ideas (Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism), and cultural similarities

Question 18

Mencius’ idea on human nature

Answer 18

Man by nature is good, believed in the concept of ren (benevolence)

Question 19

Xunzi’s idea on human nature

Answer 19

Man is innately selfish, goodness is only attainable through education and good conduct

Question 20

Differences between Confucianism and Legalism

Answer 20

Confucianism states that moral promotion is the way to run society

Legalism states that moral promotion is useless, and the only way to run society is through discipline

Question 21

Characteristics of chan meditation

Answer 21

Sudden enlightenment, enlightenment is a sudden conformation to the truth

Question 22

Three major origins of religious Taoism

Answer 22

Philosophical taoism

Practice for achieving immortality

Shamanism

Question 23

Difference between external and internal alchemy

Answer 23

External: focused on creating an elixir of life using cinnabar

Internal: focused on reaching immortality through physical, mental, and spiritual practices such as embryonic breathing

Question 24

Six paths/realms of Buddhism

Answer 24

Gods, ghosts, humans, titans, animals, hell

Question 25

Five precepts of Buddhism

Answer 25

Killing, stealing, sexual immorality, lying, and taking intoxicants

Question 26

Enlightened beings that remain on Earth to help others reach enlightenment

Answer 26

Bodhisattva

Question 27

Someone who has escaped rebirth by achieving enlightenment

Answer 27

Arhat

Question 28

Differences between Mahayana and Hinayana Buddhism

Answer 28

Mahayana: Universal salvation, Bodhisattva, collectivistic approach Hinayana: Individual salvation, Arhat, individualistic approach

Question 29

Differences between Chan/Zen Buddhism and Pure Land Buddhism

Answer 29

Chan/Zen: focuses on individual enlightenment and salvation Pure Land: focuses on strict ethical principles and worship of the Buddha as a deity

Question 30

Differences between Heavenly Master and Total Perfection Taoism

Answer 30

Heavenly Master: focuses on Fu-lu, magical figures, to heal illness and prevent disaster Total Perfection: focuses on the practice of alchemy to achieve immortality

Question 31

Confucius' main ideas

Answer 31

Ren, Li, and Junzi are basis of society All people should practice filial piety and respect their family Good government brings a good society, government is improved through education

Question 32

Main ideas of Laozi

Answer 32

The Tao is a nameless and ineffable force that guides everything Tao is for a man to be one with The "wu" approach of inaction to follow the Tao Confucianism is the source of harm in the world

Question 33

Zhungzi's main ideas

Answer 33

Spiritual freedom: no self or accomplishments Equality of all things: all value is relative and not absolute Identity of life and death: life and death are destined, part of the Tao, and should be accepted

Question 34

Differences between philosophical Taoism and Confucianism

Answer 34

Taoism: Individual centered Against concept of society Encourages nonaction and naturalism Rejects social structures and constructs Confucianism: Community centered Optimistic about society Encourages moralism through ethics Structured around social constructs such as ritual and property

Question 35

Major practices of Religious Taoism

Answer 35

Focus on immortality and the longevity of life Popular deity worship Ancestor veneration Ritual practices

Question 36

Basic teachings of Buddhism

Answer 36

Truth of suffering: suffering is universal and inevitable Truth of arising: suffering arises as a result of desire Truth of cessation: when desire is removed suffering ceases Truth of the path: the path of cessation of suffering leads to nirvana, enlightenment Karma determines the fate of a person's rebirth Five Precepts are the root of evil