Mnemonic

Question 1

Possible causes of a presenting complain by systems

What does the mnemonic VINDICATE stand for?

Answer 1

Vascular
Infection
Neoplasm
Degeneration
Iatrogenic/Intoxication
Congenital
Autoimmune
Trauma
Endocrine/metabolism

Question 2

FINGER CLUBBING CAUSES

What does the mnemonic CLUBBING stand for? (15; C:3; L:7)

Answer 2

C: Cardiac
- Cyanotic ❤️ disease
- Infective endocarditis (subacute)
- Atrial myxoma

L: Lungs
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Lung abscess
- Empyema
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Tuberculosis
- Bronchiectasis
- Mesothelioma

U: Ulcerative colitis
B: Biliary cirrhosis
I: Idiopathic
N: Neurogenic tumours
G: Gastrointestinal disease (cirrhosis, enteritis)

Question 3

ALVARADO SCORE for likelihood of acute appendicitis

Describe MANTRELS mnemonic.

Answer 3

Migration of pain
Anorexia
Nausea
Tenderness at RLQ
Rebound tenderness
Elevated temperature (37.3)
Leucocytosis
Shift of WBC to the left

Question 4

Causes of HYPERCALCEMIA

Mnemonic :
Two CHIMPANZEES

Answer 4

• Thyroid disorders
• Calcium supplementation
• Hyperparathyroidism/ HCTZ
• Iatrogenic/ immobilization
• Multiple Myeloma/ Milk-Alkali syndrome/ medication: lithium
• Paget’s disease of bone
• Adrenal insufficiency/ Acromegaly/ Alcohol
• Neoplasm
• Zollinger- Ellison syndrome
• Excessive Vitamin A
• Excessive Vitamin D
• Sarcoidosis
Others: Sarcoidosis/ other Granulomatous disease