mnemonics Flashcards
(42 cards)
psammoma bodies
Papillary cx of thyroid
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
Meningioma
Malignant mesothelioma
CYP 450
substrates
inhibitors
inducers
substrates:“always think when outside”
- antiepileptics
- theophylline
- warfarin
- OTCs
inducers: chronic alcoholics Steal Phen-Phen and Never Refuse Greasy Carbs
- chronic alcohol abuse
- St John’s wort
- pheytoin
- phenobarbital
- nevirapine
- rifampin
- griseofulvin
- carbamazepine
inhibitors: “AAA RACCKS IN GQ Magazine”
- acute alcohol abuse
- ritonavir
- amiodarone
- cimetidine/ciprofloxacin
- ketoconazole
- sulfonamides
- INH
- grapefruit juice
- quinidine
- macrolides (except azithromycin)
tuberous sclerosis
HAMARTOMA
- Hamartomas
- Angiomyolipoma (kidney)
- Mitral regurgitation
- Adenoma sebaceum
- Rhabdomyoma (cardiac)
- Tuberous sclerosis
- autosomal dOminant
- Mental retardation
- Ash leaf spots
AG gap metabolic acidosis
MUDPILES
- methanol (formic acid)
- uric acid
- DKA
- polyethylene glycol
- INH, iron
- lactic acid
- ethylene glycol
- salicylates (late)
nonAG gap metabolic acidosis
HARDASS
- hyperalimentation (artificial supply of nutrients)
- Addison’s disease (adrenal insuff)
- renal tubule acidosis
- diarrhea
- acetazolamide
- spironolactone
- saline infusion
diGeorge syndrome
CATCH22
chromosome 22q11 microdeletion = non devpt of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches
- cardiac abnormalities
- abnormal facies
- thymic hypoplasia
- cleft palate
- hypocalcemia (bc undeveloped parathyroid glands)
SLE
SOAP BRAIN MD
- Serositis such pleuritis or pericarditis
- Oral ulcers
- Arthritis (usually oligo or polyarticular)
- Photosensitivity
- Blood disorders: namely hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia
- Renal involvement with nephrotic picture
- Anti nuclear antibodies in 95% of patients
- Immunologic abnormalities such as Anti-Sm, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-phospholipid, postive syphilis serology
- Neurologic: mainly seizure and psychosis
- Malar rash
- Discoid rash
neural crest cell derivatives
CA MOTEL PASS
Craniofacial struct. (skull)
Arachnoid, pia
Melanocytes
Odontoblasts
Tracheal cartilage
Enterochromaffin cells: adrenal medulla
Laryngeal cartilage
Parafollicular cells / Pseudounipolar cells
All ganglia - Dorsal root Ganglion, celiac ganglia
Schwann cells
Spiral septum- Aorticopulm.
aortic arch derivatives
1: part of maxillary a
2: part of stapedial a/hyoid a
3: common carotid, part of ICA
4:
- L: aortic arch
- R: proximal R subclavian a
6:
- prox pulmo a.
- ductus arteriosis
pharyngeal arch/pouch derivatives
branchial apparatus and derivatives
CAP outside to inside
- clefts: ectoderm
- arch: mesoderm + neural crest
- pouches: endoderm
cleft1: external auditory meatus
cleft2-4: TEMPORARY cervical sinuses (later obliterated by 2nd arch prolif)
1st arch:
- maxillary process, mandibular process, malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament
- muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter. lat/med pterygoids), mylohyoid…
- CN V2, V3
2nd arch:
- stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament
- muscles of facial exp, stapedius, stylohyoid, platysma, post belly of digastric
- CN VII
3rd arch:
- greater horn of hyoid
- stylopharyngeus
- CN IX
4th-6th arches:
- arytenoids, cricoid, corniculate, cuneiform, thyroid
- cartilage
- 4th: pharygeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini
- 6th: all intrinsic muscle of larynx except cricothyroid
- nerves
- 4th: CN X (sup laryngeal branch)
- 6th: CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch)
cancer markers
cancer translocations
9;22 : Philadelphia chromosome
- CML
- adult ALL
15;17 : RAR : AML M3 (acute promyelocytic leukemia)
12;21 : preB ALL
14;18 : Bcl2 : follicular lymphoma
11;14 : cyclin D1 : mantle cell lymphoma
8;14 : c-myc : Burkitt lymphoma
3;14 : BCL6 : diffuse large cell lymphoma (?????)
11;22 : EWS-FLI1 : Ewing’s sarcoma
factors affecting SV
factors affecting myocardial oxygen consumption
SV CAP
- contractility
- afterload
- preload
O2 CATH
- contractility
- afterload
- tension (Pr/2thickness)
- HR
drug induced long QT
ABCDE
anti…
- arrhythmics (IA, III)
- biotics (macrolides)
- “c”ychotics (haloperidol, high potency FGAs)
- depressants (TCA - binding to Na channels, tx with sodium bicarb)
- emetics (odansetron)
alveolar gas equation
PAO2 = 150 - PaCO2/0.8
acute resp distress syndrome
SPARTAS
acute onset resp failure with bilateral lung opacities
formation of intra alv hyaline membranes
- sepsis
- pancreatitis
- pneumonia
- aspiration
- uRemia
- trauma
- amniotic fluid embolism
- shock
mesothelioma
- asbestosis
- psammoma bodies
- cytokeratin and calretinin positive (neg in most carcinomas)
- smoking NOT rick factor
bronchogenic carcinoma much more likely than mesothelioma!
lung cancer
complications
squamous/small cell associations
key metastases (no mnem)
complications
- SVC syndrome
- Pancoast tumor
- Horner’s syndrome
- endocrine/paraneoplastic syndromes
- recurrent laryngeal nerve comp - hoarseness
- effusions (pleural, pericardial)
squamous/small cell carcinomas are SENTRAL, SMOKING-assoc
metastases
- to: adrenal, brain, bone, liver
- from: breast, colon, prostate, bladder
HACEK
negative blood cultures but endocarditis
- Haemophilus
- Actinobacillus
- Cardiobacterium
- Eikenella
- Kingella
catalase + organisms
Cats need SPACCES to Belch their Hairballs
- asdfasdf
cortisol functions
bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin
BIGFIB
- blood pressure INCREASE
- upreg alpha1 receptors and increases sensitivity to NE/epi
- high conc? bind MC receptors (ex. glycerrhetic acid blocking degradation of cortisol to cortisone!)
- insulin resistance INCREASE (no anabolism)
- gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, proteolysis INCREASE(catabolism instead)
- fibroblast activity DECREASE
- striae
- inflammation, immune response DECREASE
- inhibits prod of leukotrines, prostaglandins
- impairs WBC adhesion - neutrophilia
- blocks histamine release from mast cells
- reduction in eosinophils
- blocks IL2 prod
- bone formation DECREASE
- decr osteoblast activity
functions of T3
most TH is T4, converted by 5’ deiodinase to T3
4Bs
- bone growth
- brain maturation
- beta adrenergic effects
- (increases B1 receptors in heart)
- basal metabolic rate INCREASE
- incr Na/K ATPase activity, increased catabolism to keep it running
functions of pharyngeal arch nerves
when at restaurant of golden ARCHes, first CHEW, then SMILE, then SWALLOW STYLishly. then SIMPLY SWALLOW, then SPEAK
arches:
1: V2, V3 - muscles of masication
2: VII - muscles of facial expression
3: IX - stylopharyngeus
4: X - sup laryngeal branch (regular swallow)
6: X - recurrent laryngeal
