MNSs and Kell Flashcards
1
Q
Who Discovered MNSs?
A
Landsteiner and Levine
2
Q
MNSs Year of Discovery
A
1927
3
Q
MNSs composed of how many antigens?
A
40
4
Q
TRUE OR FALSE: MNSs is found on SECRETIONS
A
FALSE: Found on RBC and some tissues
5
Q
MNSs is used in what testing?
A
Paternity Testing
6
Q
Anti-M Lectins:
A
Iberis amara
7
Q
Anti-N Lectins:
A
Vicia graminea, Bauhinia variegata, Bauhinia purpura
8
Q
Genes for MNSs are traced at
A
Chromosome 4q28-q31
(Long arm of Chromosome 4, Band 28-31)
9
Q
Alleles that are codominant in MNSs
A
GYPA AND GYPB
10
Q
Codes for Glycophorin A
A
GYPA
11
Q
Considered as ancestral gene
A
GYPA
12
Q
Number of exons in GYPA
A
7 exons
13
Q
Codes for Glycophorin B
A
GYPB
14
Q
Numer of exons in GYPB
A
5 exons, 1 noncoding exon (pseudoexon)
15
Q
TRUE OR FALSE: MNSs antigens are POORLY developed at birth
A
FALSE - MNSs antigens are FULLY developed at birth
16
Q
MNSs antigens are attached to the
A
Glycophorin proteins
17
Q
Proteins that are Sialic acid-rich are called
A
Sialoglycoproteins
18
Q
M and N are at the (blank) of GPA
A
Extreme Terminus
19
Q
(Blank) and (Blank) are also expressed in Renal Endothelium and Epithelium
A
GPA and GPB
20
Q
N antigen is defined by what amino acids?
A
Leucine and Glutamic acid
21
Q
M and N antigens resides at (blank) of the (blank)
A
Glycophorin A of the RBC Membrane
22
Q
M antigen are define by what amino acids?
A
Serine and Glycine
23
Q
How many copies of GPA per RBC?
A
200,000 to 1,000,000 copies of GPA
24
Q
S and s antigens are discovered at what year?
A
1947 (S)
1951 (s)
25
Who discovered S antigen?
Walsh and Carmel Montgomery
26
s antigen was discovered at what year?
1951
27
S and s antigens are found in (blank) on (blank)
Glycophorin B on RBC membrane
28
S antigen amino acid
Methionine
29
s antigen amino acid
Threonine
30
How many copies of GPB per RBC?
50,000 to 250,000 copies per RBC
31
U antigens are found on (blank) on (blank)
Glycophorin B on RBC Membrane
32
Considered as "Universal Antigen"
U antigen
33
"High Incidence" antigen
U antigen
34
Found on all individual except 1% of African Americans
U antigen
35
Who discovered U antigen?
Weiner
36
At what year did Weiner discovered U antigen via Anti-U?
1953
37
RBC with U antigen carries (blank) and (blank) antigens
S and s antigens
38
Carries S and s antigens
U antigen
39
M and N are easily destroyed by what enzymes?
Ficin, Papain, Bromelin, Trypsin, Pronase
40
TRUE OR FALSE: S and s and EASILY destroyed by enzymes
FALSE: S and s are LESS easily destroyed by enzymes
41
What enzymes destroy S and s activity?
Ficin, Papain, Bromelin, Pronase, Chymotrypsin
42
Anount of degradation of S and s activity may depend on (blank), (blank) and (blank)
Strength of enzyme solution, Length of Treatment, Enzyme-to-cell ratio
43
What enzymes cannot destroy S and s?
Trypsin, Dithiothreitol, Glycine-acid EDTA
44
Term used to describe a pair of antigens that are coded by different alleles of a single gene.
Antithetical
45
Frequency of U in Whites
99.90%
46
Frequency of U in blacks?
99%
47
Frequency of s in whites?
89%
48
Frequency of s in blacks?
93%
49
Least frequent antigen in Whites?
S: 55%
50
Least frequent antigen in Blacks
S: 31%
51
Do not bind complement and does not cause HDN or HTR
Anti-M and Anti-N
52
Cold reactive saline agglutinins
Anti-M and Anti-N
53
Anti M and Anti N is enhanced with
acidification
54
Anti M and Anti N reacts best
4C
55
This antibody has enhanced reaction at pH 6.5
Anti-M
56
Observed from multiparous women
Anti-M
57
Common in children and in patients with bacterial infection
Anti - M
58
Can demonstrate dosage
Anti-M and Anti-N
59
Less common antibody
Anti-N
60
Specific at Alkaline pH
Anti-N
61
IgM, rarely natural
Anti M and Anti N
62
Anti M and Anti N is formed due to (blank) or (blank)
Transfusion or Pregnancy
63
Some are IgG
Anti-N
64
Reacts better with M-N+ than M+N+
Anti-N
65
Anti-N reacts better with (blank) than (blank)
(M-N+) than (M+N+)
66
Observed in renal patients where dialysis machinen is sterilized with formalin
Anti-N
67
Anti-N is observed in (blank) where (blank) machine is sterilized with (blank)
Renal patients, dialysis, formalin
68
Anti-S and Anti-s reacts best at
37C, some reacts at 10C and 22C
69
Both are IgG and in AHG Phase
Anti-S and anti-s
70
If anti-S and anti-s specificity is suspected but pattern activity is unclear, what will you do?
Incubate test at room temperature and perform AHG immediately
71
Binds complement and can cause HDFN and HTR with Hemoglobinuria
Anti-S and Anti-s
72
May exhibit dosage effect
Anti-S and anti-s
73
An IgG enhanced with enzyme treatment
Anti-U
74
Reacts at 37C and AHG phase
Anti-U
75
Can cause HDFN and HTR and decreased Red Cell Survival
Anti-U
76
Some individuals have altered GPA and that their antibody is specific for a portion of the common antigen they lack
Autoantibodies
77
Year of S antigen discovery
1947
78
Year of s antigen discovery
1951
79
1% of african american (1-35% africans)
No U antigens
80
Both Highly homologous alleles
GYPA and GYPB
81
ISBT # of MNSs
002
82
Kell ISBT
006
83
Anti-K was first discovered in the (blank) of (blank)
serum; mrs. kelleher
84
mrs. kelleher serum reacted with the RBCs of her (blank), (blank), and (blank)
newborn infant, older daughter, and her husband
85
Anti-K discovered on (blank) by (blank)
1946; robin coombs
86
high prevalence antigen discovered on 1949
antithetical "k" or cellano
87
cellano first described by
levine and group
88
described first on 1957
Kpa antigen and null phenotype (Ko)
89
Kpa antigen and null phenotype (Ko) were first described on
1957
90
first described on 1958
Jsa and Kpb
91
Jsa named after
John Sutter
92
Kpb year?
1958
93
Jsb first described in what year?
1963
94
Both Jsa and Jsb were officially added to Kell in what year?
1965
95
In 1965, Both (blank) and (Blank) were added to Kell System.
Jsa and Jsb
96
K11 antigen first reported in?
1971
97
Kpc antigen joined the kell system in this year
1979
98
What happened in 1965 in Kell?
Jsa and Jsb added to Kell Antigen
99
What happened in year 1949 in Kell?
Discovery of Cellano "k"
100
What happened in 1985
Low incidence K24 was found
101
Kel gene is found on ?
Chromosome 7q33/34 (Long arm of Chromosome 7, band 33-34)
102
Kel gene has how many exons?
19 exons
103
(blank) are due to single base mutations that results in amino acid substitution
Kell antigens
104
Kell antigens are due to single base mutations that results in (blank)
Amino acid substitutions
105
The site of the different kell genes that produce antigens
Kell locus
106
5 sets of alleles that produce Kell system's antithetical antigens
K and k
Kpa and Kpb
Jsa and Jsb
K11 and K17
K14 and K24
107
Kell is member of (blank) family
Neprilysin Family
108
Kell antigens are located on
Type 2 glycoprotein with 731 amino acids
109
N terminal domain is (blank)
intracellular
110
large external (blank) domain
C terminal
111
C terminal domain is highly folded by (blank)
Disulfide linkages
112
C terminal domain is highly folded by disulfide linkages and has (blank) amino acids with (blank) cystein residues
665 amino acids with 15 cysteine residues
113
The glycoprotein of Kell is linked with (blank)
XK protein
114
The glycoprotein is linked with XK protein by a disulfide bond at (blank) of (blank) to the (blank) of the XK glycoprotein
Cys72 of Kell protein to the Cys347 of XK glycoprotein
115
Kell antigen expression is dependent on presence of (blank)
XK protein
116
Kell antigens are only found on
RBCs
117
Kell antigens appear on (blank) earlier than Rh proteins
Fetal red cells
118
Kell glycoprotein has been characterized as a
Zinc Endopeptidase
119
Kell glycoprotein has been characterized as a Zinc Endopeptidase which is central to (blank) and (blank)
Zinc Binding and Catalytic activity
120
K is also known as
Kell
121
K can be detected on fetal RBC as early as
10 weeks gestation
122
K antigen has how many sites per RBC
3,500 to 18,000 per RBC
123
Very immunogenic (2nd to D)
K
124
Also known as 'cellano'
k
125
k is also known as
Cellano
126
detected as early as 7 weeks
k
127
k antigen is detected as early as
7 weeks
128
Penny is also known as
Kpa
129
Kpa also known as
Penny
130
Low prevalence mutation result of Kpb
Kpa
131
found in 2% of whites
Kpa
132
Gene encoding antigen is associated with suppression of other kell antigens
Kpa
133
Also known as Rautenberg
Kpb
134
Also known as Kpb
Rautenberg
135
Antithetical to Jsb antigen
Jsa
136
Found in 20% of blacks
Jsa
137
High prevalence antigens of Kell
k, Kpb, Jsb
138
low prevalence antigens of kell
K, Kpa,Jsa
139
Kell is resistant to
Ficin and Papain
140
Kell is sensitive to
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin
141
Kell is destroyed by
Glycine-acid EDTA
142
Kell is sensitive to treatment with (blank) (SPECIFY)
SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS
2-mercaptoethanol
Dithiothreitol
2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide
143
Reduces disulfide bonds of protein
Sulfhydryl Reagents
144
A patient red cells lack the entire Kell glycoprotein
K0 - Kell Null Phenotype
145
No Kell antigens
Kell Null Phenotypes
146
Kell Null Phenotype is identified by
Bruce Chown, Marion Lewis, Kiroko Kaita
147
Kell null Phenotype year of discovery
1957
148
Most encountered antibody next to ABO and Rh
Anti-K
149
Kell antibody is usually (Blank), and predominantly (blank)
IgG, IgG1
150
Anti-K reacts at
AHG Phase (IAT)
151
Anti-K is stimulated by
Pragnancy or Transfusion
152
Anti-K also have reports of IgM stimulated by
Bacterial infections
153
Anti-K is associated with (blank) and (blank)
sever HTR and severe HDFN
154
Anti-K, patients should receive (blank)
antigen-negative blood
155
Not commonly detected Kell Antibodies
Anti-Kpa
Anti-Kpb
Anti-Kpc
Anti-Jsa
Anti-Jsb
156
Kell antigens found in whites
Kpa
157
Kell antigens found in asians
Kpc
158
Kell antigens common in blacks
Jsa
