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Advanced Medical Nutrition Therapy > MNT for Organ Transplant > Flashcards

MNT for Organ Transplant Flashcards

1
Q

What type of organ transplant is the most common?

A

Kidney

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2
Q

What is the indication of organ transplantation?

A

Decompensated end-stage organ failure

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3
Q

What are some examples of diseases in which organ transplants are indicated?

A

-End-stage liver disease
-End-stage renal disease
-Congestive heart failure
-Respiratory failure due to COPD or CF

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4
Q

What are some contraindications of organ transplant?

A

-Active infection or sepsis
-Multisystem organ failure
-Active substance abuse
-Advanced age
-Frailty
-Severe obesity
-Lack of social support post-transplant
-Poor prognosis

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5
Q

In the pre-transplant phase, the goals of MNT are…

A

-Optimize nutritional status as much as possible prior to transplant
-Alleviate complications caused by organ failure

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6
Q

Many patients awaiting transplant are _____, and this can cause higher rates of post-transplant morbidity and mortality

A

Malnourished

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7
Q

Medical concerns in the 1st 2 months after transplant include…

A

-Rejection
-Infections

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8
Q

Nutrition concerns for the 1st 2 months post-transplant:

A

-Provide adequate nutrition to replete stores, heal surgical wounds, and fight infections
-Food-drug interactions of immunosuppressive regimen

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9
Q

Food-drug interactions of Cyclosporine:

A

-Avoid grapefruit
-Hypomagnesemia
-Hyperkalemia
-Hyperglycemia
-Hypertension
-Hyperlipidemia

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10
Q

Food-drug interactions with Tacrolimus (Prograf):

A

-Avoid grapefruit (causes elevated levels)
-Hypomagnesemia
-Hyperkalemia
-Hyperglycemia
-Hypertension
-N/V

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11
Q

Food-drug interactions with Azathioprine (Imuran):

A

-Macrocytic anemia
-N/V
-Mouth sores
-Acute pancreatitis

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12
Q

Food-drug interactions with corticosteroids (like Prednisone):

A

-Hyperglycemia
-Sodium retention
-Hyperphagia (increased hunger)
-Weight gain
-Hypertension
-Muscle wasting and weakness
-Impaired wound healing
-Osteoporosis

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13
Q

Energy needs for acute/immediate post-transplant:

A

30-35 kcal/kg

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14
Q

Protein needs for acute/immediate post-transplant:

A

1.5-2.0 g/kg

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15
Q

Fluid needs for acute/immediate post-transplant:

A

Individualize based on fluid status, organ function, and fluid loss

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16
Q

Calcium needs for acute/immediate post-transplant:

A

1200 mg/d

17
Q

After transplant, patients should advance as tolerated to a _____ diet, considering any MNT for comorbidities

A

Regular

18
Q

If someone has fluid retention, recommend a ____ gram sodium diet and possible fluid restriction

A

2

19
Q

If someone has hypoglycemia, recommend a ___-___ diet

A

Carbohydrate-controlled

20
Q

After transplant, patients should take a ____ with minerals and oral nutrition supplements if needed

A

Multivitamin

21
Q

If someone is intubated or has a poor appetite, they might need ____ ____

A

Enteral nutrition

22
Q

If someone needs enteral nutrition post-transplant, they should get a ____ ____ formula

A

High nitrogen (protein)

23
Q

If someone has fluid overload, they should get a _____ formula

A

Concentrated

24
Q

If someone is one enteral nutrition, we should monitor…

A

-Nutritional intake
-Weight
-Labs: serum glucose, serum electrolytes
-Fluid status
-Wound healing

25
Q

In the chronic post-transplant phase, what are some common nutrition concerns?

A

-Weight gain and obesity
-Hyperglycemia (drug-induced DM)
-Hyperlipidemia
-HTN
-Electrolyte imbalances
-Micronutrient deficiencies
-Osteoporosis

26
Q

Goals of MNT for chronic post-transplant phase:

A

-Ensure adequate nutrition
-Prevent or treat complications

27
Q

In the chronic post-transplant phase, recommend calories to promote healthy ____ ____

A

Body weight

28
Q

Protein needs for chronic post-transplant:

A

1 g/kg

29
Q

Someone in the chronic post-transplant stage should take a ____ with minerals

A

Multivitamin

30
Q

Someone in the chronic post-transplant stage should get ____ mg/day of calcium

A

1200

31
Q

What should we monitor in the chronic post-transplant stage?

A

-Weight
-Dietary intake
-Labs

32
Q

Diet education for someone in the post-transplant stage should include…

A

-Heart Healthy diet
-Additional diet recommendations as needed
-Food safety

33
Q

Food safety precautions:

A

-Avoid raw protein foods and rare meat
-Thaw perishable foods in the fridge
-Avoid using cracked eggs
-Wash fruits and vegetables
-Use only pasteurized milk and cheese
-Cook to appropriate internal temperatures
-Adhere to the expiration dates on labels
-Wash hands before handling food

Advanced Medical Nutrition Therapy (14 decks)

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