MNT for Thyroid and other Endocrine Disorders

Question 1

The thyroid gland is the main gland of the ______ system.

Answer 1

Endocrine

Question 2

The thyroid gland is small, butterfly-shaped, and found in the ____ of the neck.

Answer 2

Front

Question 3

The thyroid gland responds to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by the ______ gland to secrete thyroid hormones.

Answer 3

Pituitary

Question 4

The thyroid regulates:

Answer 4

Fat and CHO regulation
Body temperature
Respiration
Cholesterol levels
Heart rate
Brain development
Blood Ca levels
Skin, hair growth
Digestion

Question 4

The main thyroid hormones include: (3)

Answer 4

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

Question 5

Thyroid hormone synthesis requires: (2)

Answer 5

Tyrosine and Iodine

Question 6

Initially, TPO produces a majority of the T4 hormone. However, most T4 is converted to T3 in the _____ , kidneys, and GI tract. T3 is the predominant and active form in the body.

Answer 6

Liver

Question 7

Hypothyroidism can be caused by an autoimmune disease called _______ _________ , ______ deficiency or due to issues converting T4 to T3.

Answer 7

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Iodine

Question 8

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis produces antibodies that attack _____, the enzyme required to make T4 and T3.

Answer 8

TPO - Thyroid peroxidase enzyme

Question 9

There is a strong association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and _____ disease.

Answer 9

Celiacs

Question 10

Factors that may trigger the onset of Hashimotos Thyroiditis include _________ dysfunction, oxidative stress, aging, menopause, and pregnancy.

Answer 10

Adrenal

Question 11

Factors that decrease the conversion of T4 to T3 include selenium or zinc deficiency, high cortisol, heavy metals, and ____ or _____ dysfunctions.

Answer 11

Liver, kidney

Question 12

_______ and _____ are cofactors for the enzyme (Deiodinase) needed to convert T4 to T3.

Answer 12

Selenium, Zinc

Question 13

The most common cause of hyperthyrpoidsim is the autoimmune disease called ______ disease.

Answer 13

Graves

Question 14

In Graves disease, the antibodies bind with the _____ receptors, which stimulates excessive T4 and T3 production.

Answer 14

TSH

Question 15

Triggers for Graves disease is _____ and stress.

Answer 15

Genetics

Question 16

A factor contributing to hyperthyroidism not related to Grave’s disease is _______ of T4 to T3.

Answer 16

Over conversion

Question 17

Symptoms of hypothyroidism include: feeling _____, dry skin, hair loss, fatigue, weight gain, and constipation.

Answer 17

Cold

Question 18

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include: weight loss, bulging ____, anxiety, rapid heart rate, loss of bone density, and sleep disturbance.

Answer 18

Eyes

Question 19

Increased ______ synthesis causes bulging eyes in hyperthyroidism.

Answer 19

Protein

Question 20

A symptom of both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is _______. In hypothyroidism, it is a result of increased TSH, and in hypothyroidism, it is a result of overstimulated thyroid.

Answer 20

Goiter (Enlarged thyroid)

Question 21

The most common lab ordered for thyroid disorders is ____.

Answer 21

TSH

Question 22

The optimal range for TSH is 0.2- ___ mIU/L

Answer 22

1.9

Question 23

T/F: People can still be experiencing thyroid disorders even if their TSH lab values are in the reference range of 0.2-5.5 mIU/L.

Answer 23

True, which is why the optimal range of 0.2-1.9 mIU/L is used

Question 24

To diagnose hashimotos in hypothyroidism, check for ____ antibodies.

Answer 24

TPO

Question 25

To diagnose Graves in hyperthyroidism, check for TSH ______ antibodies.

Answer 25

Receptor

Question 26

T4 is a good indicator of __________.

Answer 26

Hypothyroidism, T4 will be low

Question 27

TSH will be ____ with hypothyroidism.

Answer 27

High The body produces more TSH to try and stimulate the thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormone when it is not functioning properly

Question 28

TSH will be ____ with hyperthyroidism.

Answer 28

Low When the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone, the pituitary gland produces less TSH to slow down the thyroid's production

Question 29

The main treatment of hypothyroidism is ______ T4 (Synthroid), useful for Hashimotos.

Answer 29

Synthetic

Question 30

Treatment of hypothyroidism includes (4):

Answer 30

Synthetic T4 Synthetic T3 Synthetic blend of T3 and T4 Natural desiccated thyroid

Question 31

Treatment for Hyperthyroidism includes:

Answer 31

Drug therapy Radioactive iodine to destroy extra thyroid tissue Surgical removal - often leads to hypothyroidism

Question 32

MNT for hypothyroids:

Answer 32

Adjust energy needs for weight loss, but severe calorie restriction can reduce thyroid hormone activity Iodine - not above the RDV for Hashimotos Protein - for Tyrosine Se, Zn is the cofactor to convert T4 to T3 Fe is the cofactor for TPO Mg bc deficiency is associated with Hypothyroid/helps with constipation Vitamin D - Hashimoto's for autoimmune disease Antioxidants

Question 33

______ should be avoided in Hashimoto's.

Answer 33

Gluten

Question 34

______ competes with iodine and may limit absorption if iodine is deficient.

Answer 34

Fluoride

Question 35

Goitrogens like ___ and large amounts of uncooked cruciferous veggies can interfere with thyroid hormone production if person isn't getting enough iodine.

Answer 35

Soy

Question 36

_______ and ashwagandha can treat hypothyroidism by increasing iodine uptake by the thyroid, increasing TPO activity and antioxidants.

Answer 36

Guggulsterones

Question 37

PCOS characteristics: increased _____ /testosterone levels, weight gain due to insulin resistance, reproductive issues, enlarged/cystic ovaries.

Answer 37

androgen

Question 38

______ induces ovulation in PCOS and oral contraceptives help mensural irregularities in PCOS.

Answer 38

Clomid

Question 39

______ is often prescribed for insulin resistance

Answer 39

Metformin

Question 40

________ is used to reduce androgen levels in PCOS.

Answer 40

Spironolactone (also a diuretic, might cause elevated K levels)

Question 41

MNT PCOS

Answer 41

Energy needs depend on wt goals Diet to manage BG (insulin resistance) Exercise to improve insulin sensitivity

Question 42

PCOS supplementation

Answer 42

Vitamin D N- acetylcysteine Chromium Vitamin B12

Question 43

N- acetylcysteine is used to treat _____ in PCOS, its also anti-inflammatory and an antioxidant.

Answer 43

infertility

Question 44

Vitamin D _______ are on immature eggs, which may help infertility in PCOS.

Answer 44

Receptors

Question 45

Vitamin ___ should be used if using metformin because it can lead to deficiency.

Answer 45

B12

Question 46

______ mimics insulin action to help regulate BG in PCOS.

Answer 46

Chromium

Question 47

T/F: Adrenal insufficiency/Adrenal fatigue is an official diagnosis.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

What occurs if the body has a decreased ability to respond to stress via the adrenal glands?

Answer 48

Adrenal insufficiency/Adrenal fatigue

Question 49

Adrenal glands produce _____, norepinephrine and epinephrine in response to stress.

Answer 49

Cortisol

Question 50

Adrenal dysfunction can lead to __________.

Answer 50

Hypothyroidism

Question 51

Adrenal fatigue can lead to _______, fatigue, hair loss, hormone imbalance, decreased immunity/healing, inability to concentrate/cope with stress.

Answer 51

hypoglycemia - adrenal fatigue hampers the ability to release glucagon which regulates blood sugar levels

Question 52

Adrenal fatigue treatment

Answer 52

B complex vitamin Moderate exercise Low glycemic foods to prevent drops in blood sugar/reactive hypoglycemia Nutrient dense diet Chamomile/Lavender Probiotics to heal gut Optimize sleep (helps hormones and stress) Relaxation/Stress management

Question 53

T/F: High intensity exercise is good for adrenal fatigue

Answer 53

False, moderate exercise because high intensity puts your body in fight or flight, raises BP, and is considered a stress on the body

Question 54

TSH stimulates ____ to use iodine and tyrosine to make T4 and T3.

Answer 54

TPO

Question 55

______ makes tyrosine needed for T4 and T3.

Answer 55

Protein

Question 56

Se and _ are cofactors for the deiodinase enzyme that converts T4 to T3.

Answer 56

Zn

Question 57

___ is the cofactor for TPO, the enzyme that catalyzes the production of T4 and T3.

Answer 57

Fe

Question 58

___ deficiency is associated with hypothyroidism, it also helps with constipation symptoms.

Answer 58

Mg

Question 59

Vitamin D is useful for ______ since it is an autoimmune disease.

Answer 59

Hashimoto's

Question 60

B Complex vitamins act as _____ for the enzymes needed to produce the adrenal hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol).

Answer 60

Coenzymes

Question 61

Heavy menses, dry coarse hair, and skin, and weight gain are commonly associated with:

Answer 61

Hypothyroidism

Question 62

One nutrient that is critically important for establishing immune balance and preventing the production of autoantibodies is:

Answer 62

Vitamin D, often not absorbed well in people with autoimmune disease

Question 63

Weight loss is associated with:

Answer 63

Hyperthyroidism

Question 64

Weight gain is associated with:

Answer 64

Hypothyroidism

Question 65

Iron is the cofactor of ____ which produces T4 and T3.

Answer 65

TPO

Question 66

Se and Zn are the cofactors for the ____ enzyme that converts T4 to T3

Answer 66

Deiodinase

Question 67

TPO will be ____ in hypothyroidism.

Answer 67

High