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MNT terms Flashcards

To study the bolded textbook terms (76 cards)

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1
Q

Nutrition Care Process and Model (NCPM)

A

a systematic framework to recognize, diagnose, and intervene upon nutrition-related problems for which a nutrition intervention is the primary treatment

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2
Q

Malnutrition

A

a subacute or chronic state of nutrition in which a combination of varying degrees of overnutrition and undernutrition (+inflammatory activity) has led to a change in body composition and diminished function

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3
Q

Nutrition Screening

A

the process of identifying patients/people at risk for malnutrition and may benefit from a full nutrition assessment

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4
Q

Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS)

A

a nutrition screening tool that measures disease impact in addition to the markers of current or potential malnutrition

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5
Q

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST)

A

a nutrition screening tool that utilizes a five-step process to arrive at an overall score for risk of malnutrition

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6
Q

Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ)

A

a nutrition screening tool intended for use during admission to an acute care facility

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7
Q

Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST)

A

a nutrition screening tool created based on the need for a framework that used routinely available data and could be employed across a heterogeneous adult population

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8
Q

Nutrition-focused physical exam (NFPE)

A

an examination of each region of the body that aids in the evaluation of nutrition status by identifying markers of malnutrition and/or nutrition deficiencies

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9
Q

Inspection

NFPE technique

A

the visual observation of color, shape, texture and size

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10
Q

Palpation

NFPE technique

A

the use of touch to assess texture, size, temperature, tenderness, and mobility

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11
Q

Percussion

NFPE technique

A

the tapping of fingers against body surfaces for sounds that reflect solids, fluids, or gas

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12
Q

Auscultation

NFPE technique

A

the assessment of sounds that reflect movement of fluid or air through organs and viscera using a stethoscope

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13
Q

Anthropometry

A

the assessment of measure and proportions of the human body

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14
Q

Stadiometer

A

a piece of equipment designed to measure height
constructed of a ruler and a sliding horizontal headpiece

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15
Q

Self-Reported Height (SRH)

A

Height information provided by the patient

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16
Q

Knee-height

A

a measurement taken from the sole of the foot to the kneecap while at a 90 degree angle

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17
Q

Total Arm Span (TAS)

A

The length between the middle of the sternal notch and tip of the middle finger, doubled
(measured horizontal from shoulder)

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18
Q

Half Arm Span (HAS)

A

The length between sternal notch and the tip of the middle finger
(measured horizontal from shoulder)

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19
Q

Actual Body Weight (ABW)

A

the sum of all body compartments without distinction between fat and fat-free mass

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20
Q

Usual Body Weight (UBW)

A

a self-reported measure of what the individual has weighed for most of their adult life

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21
Q

Percent usual body weight (%UBW)

A

the actual body weight divided by the usual body weight & multiplied by 100

the % of current BW as related to normal BW

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22
Q

Percent weight change (%weight change)

A

the amount of weight change divided by the UBW & multiplied by 100

the % change in body weight between two points in time

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23
Q

Ideal Body Weight (IBW)

A

an adjusted weight-for-height, based on the weights associated with the lowest mortality for a given height

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24
Q

Percent ideal body weight (%IBW)

A

the ABW divided by the IBW & multiplied by 100

used to compare current and ideal body weights

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25
Adjusted Body Weight (adjusted BW)
Algorithm-derived weight used to determine energy expenditure in patients with extremes of body weight
26
Dry Weight | ABW - estimated fluid weight = dry weight
an estimated weight in patients with fluid overload
27
Body Mass Index (BMI)
an anthropometric comparison of body weight to body height (independent of frame size) | calculated by the weight in kg divided by the square of height in meters
28
Skinfold anthropometry
the measure of one or more anatomical sites using a skinfold calipr device to estimate body fat stores
29
Triceps Skinfold (TSF)
skinfold anthropometry measured at the triceps | most common skinfold measure
30
Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)
a measure of total arm circumference providing measure of both muscle and fat
31
Mid-Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC)
a surrogate measure of lean body mass | cannot be measured directly
32
Waist Circumference
an indicator of fat mass around the waist | used to assess health risk
33
Waist-hip ratio (WHR)
the waist circumference value divided by the hip circumference value
34
Computed Tomography (CT)
utilizes x-ray technology to provide data on muscle composition and distribution
35
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
body composition analysis utilizing a free-ionizing radiation technique
36
Bioelectrical Impedanace Analysis (BIA)
a test of the resistance of a high-frequency electrical current passed through the body | used to make a distinction between fat-free mass & total body water
37
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
a scan used to differentiate bone, lean mass, and bone-free tissues
38
Food records diary
keeping a present-time record on nutritional intake
39
Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)
a survey about food intake over a specific time period in an attempt to depict "usual" intake
40
Static assay
used to measure the actual level of a nutrient in a specimen
41
Functional assay
measures the specific biochemical or physiological functioning of a nutrient, rather than just the quantity
42
Hemodilution
decreased RBC concentrations and high plasma levels
43
Hemoconcentration
increased RBC concentrations and low plasma levels
44
Electrolytes
substances that dissolve into ions in solution
45
Basic metabolic panel
A blood test that measures glucose, sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide, chloride, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine
46
Comprehensive metabolic panel
A blood test the measures all elements in a basic metabolic panel + albumin, total protein, alkaline phophatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and bilirubin
47
Complete blood count (CBC)
A blood test that provides a count of the cells in the blood and a description of RBC
48
Differential count
A complete blood count for white blood cells
49
Isotonic
Having the same osmolarity as another solution
50
Osmotic pressure
The pressure needed to maintain equilibrium with no net movement of solvent
51
Hypertonic
Having a greater osmolarity than another solution | fluids move out of the cells in an attempt to establish equilibrium ## Footnote results in dehydration
52
Hypotonic
Having a lower osmolarity than another solution | fluid moves into cells and causes cell swelling
53
Third spacing
The accumulation of fluid in the interstices (edema) or in the potential fluid spaces (effusion) between body cavities
54
Hypervolemia
Volume overload
55
Hypovolemia
Volume depletion
56
Hyponatremia | most common electrolyte disorder
Low sodium levels in the blood
57
Hypermagnesemia
High magnesium levels in the blood
58
Refeeding syndrome
The effects of depletion, repletion, and electrolyte shifts in response to excessive nutritional feeding
59
Hypochloremia
Low chloride levels in the blood
60
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar levels
61
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar levels
62
Visceral protien
An assessment that directly measures protien stores by assessing the proteins made by the viscera
63
Acute-phase protein
Protein that responds to inflammation caused by illness or trauma | do not accurately reflect changes in protein status
64
Positive acute-phase protein
Proteins that increase inflammation, such as C-reactive protein, ferritin, and cerulosplasmin
65
Negative acute-phase protein
Proteins that decrease during inflammation, such as serum albumin, prealbumin, retinal binding protein, and transferrin
66
Kwashiorkor
Malnutrition, with or without caloric depletion, that results in depletion of visceral protein | a bloated abdomen is commonly seen
67
Marasmus
Malnutrition associated with severe caloric depletion, in which the body conserves visceral protein
68
Nitrogen balance
when nitrogen input/intake (oral, enteral, or parenteral) is equal to nitrogen output/excretion (urinary, fecal, or wound drainage)
69
Creatinine height index (CHI)
Measurement of creatinine excretion as a %
70
Anemia
A reduction in erythrocytes per unit of blood volume or a decrease in hemoglobin of blood to below level of physiological needs
71
Microcytic anemia
Small cell anemia | a MCV of less than 80 fL
72
Macrocytic anemia
Large cell anemia | a MCV of greater than 100 fL
73
Normocytic anemia
Normal cell size | occurs when MCV is between 80 and 99 fL
74
Iron-deficiency anemia
Anemia caused by a lack of iron in the blood
75
Anemia of inflammation and chronic disease (AICD)
Anemia caused by chronic inflammation or infectious disorders
76

MNT (5 decks)

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