MOA

Question 1

Pens Cephs and Carbs

Answer 1

Activate PbPs

Or catalyze peptidoglycan cross-linkages via Transpeptidase (late step)

Question 2

Vancomycin

Answer 2

Prevent peptidoglycan elongation via transglycosylase (early step)

Question 3

Tetracycline

Answer 3

30s and blocks docking site of tRNA

Question 4

AmiNOglycosides

Answer 4

Binds 30s and blocks initiation complex and inhibit translocation by inducing misreading

Question 5

Macrolides (MAC) and Clindamycin

Answer 5

Binds to 50s and inhibits translocation

Question 6

Sulfonamides

Answer 6

PABA analogs that compete with PABA for DIHYDROPHOLATE SYNTHASE to decrease folic acid

Question 7

Trimethoprim

Answer 7

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase to decrease purine and pyramidine and AA’s (all formed from tetrahydrofolic acid)

Question 8

Metronidazole

Answer 8

Activated by feredoxin and binds to DNA molecules (inhibits Nucleic acid synthesis)

Question 9

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 9

Inhibits DNA Gyrase/topoisomerase II
Prevents DNA from unwinding and duplicating
(PREVENTS RELAXATION OF POSITIVE SUPERCOILS)

Question 10

Fusion inhibitors

Answer 10

Blocks gp41 and CCR5 on T-cell to prevent viral entry

Question 11

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 11

NRTI: nucleoSide that must be phosphorylated to 5’ to 3’ to terminate DNA elongation
NtRTI: nucleotide that has 1 phosphate and must be furtherphosphorylated
NNRTI: already active/ not a prodrug…actively bind to RT (allosterically)

Question 12

Integrase inhibitor

Answer 12

Inhibits HIV enzyme integrase, blocking genetic material into human chromosomes

Question 13

Protease inhibitors

Answer 13

Inhibits HIV-1 protease, blocking release/ budding for infected cells

Question 14

-Ovirs (HSV)

Answer 14

Inhibits DNA polymerase via acyclovir triphosphate (herpes puts on first P we put on the other 2)

Question 15

Foscarnet (HSV)

Answer 15

Inhibits phosphate binding site on DNA polymerase (decrease viral DNA replication)

Question 16

-ivirs (Flu)

Answer 16

Inhibits NEURAMINIDASE, decrease budding/release from the cell

Question 17

Isoniazid

Answer 17

Prodrug that is activated to decrease MYCOLIC ACID synthesis (required for mycobacterial cell wall)

Question 18

Rifampin (TB) and Rifabutin (MAC)

Answer 18

Blocks DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, decrease transcription

Question 19

Pyrazinamide (TB)

Answer 19

Activated to pyrazinoic acid (competes with Uric acid)

Changing pH and decreasing FA synthesis

Question 20

Ethambutol (TB)

Answer 20

inhibits synthesis of Mycobacterial cell wall component

Question 21

Streptomycin (TB)

Answer 21

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding 30s (inhibiting translocation)

Question 22

-bendazoles (pinworm/ Nematodes)

Answer 22

Inhibit microtubule synthesis

Question 23

Pyrantel (Nematodes)

Answer 23

Constantly stimulates nicotinic receptors, causes spastic paralysis of the worm (succinylcholine)

Question 24

Ivermectin (nematodes)

Answer 24

GABA agonist that causes hyperpolarization of worms nerves/muscle cells, killing the worm

Question 25

Praziquantel (tapeworms and flukes)

Answer 25

Increase membrane permeability to Ca2+ causing muscle contraction and muscle paralysis

Question 26

Amphotericin B

Answer 26

Binds to ERGOSTEROL to form pores and leak cell components

Question 27

Flucytosine

Answer 27

Converted to 5-FU then 5-F DUMP to inhibit THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE, to decrease fungal DNA synthesis

Question 28

Azole (-conazoles)

Answer 28

Inhibits ergosterol membrane synthesis by blocking (14-alpha demthylase)

Question 29

Echinocardins (fungins)

Answer 29

Inhibits B 1,2 glucan synthesis, FUNGAL CELL WALL COMPONENT!!

Question 30

Terbenafine (fungal)

Answer 30

Inhibits squalene epoxide, Increases squalene which is toxic to fungal cells

Question 31

Chloroquine (blood schizonticide)

Answer 31

Accumulates in food vacuoles of plasmodium and increased intracellular heme (increases toxicity to Vivax parasite)

Question 32

Primequine (tissue schizonticide)

Answer 32

Forms the cellular oxidants “quinolone-quinone metabolites” which is lethal to vivax parasite

Question 33

Quinine (blood schizonticide)

Answer 33

Complexes with falciparum parasitic DNA to block replication and transcription

Question 34

Mefloquine

Answer 34

Alternative to quinone for falciparum prevention

Question 35

Metronidazole (giardia and histolytica)

Answer 35

Activated by ferredoxin which decreases binding to DNA

Question 36

TMP SMX (toxoplasmosis)

Answer 36

Inhibits DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE