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MOA SPECIFICS Flashcards

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1
Q

MOA of metformin

A

Suppression of hepatic glucose production & absorption

Increase insulin sensitivity by peripheral tissues & GLP-1 synthesis

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2
Q

Unusual adverse effects of metformin

A

VIT B12 deficiency

Lactic Acidosis

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3
Q

Sulfonylureas end in

A

IDE

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4
Q

Sulfonylureas require

A

Beta cell function so ineffective in Type 1

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5
Q

Unusual side effects of Sulfonylureas

A

Therapy failure

HYPOGLYCEMIA, which is more severe

Higher risk with malnutrition, greater than 60, abx

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6
Q

MOA of Sulfonylureas

A

Inhibits K+ ATP on BETA CELLS

Ca+ enters, Insulin leaves

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7
Q

TZDs end in

A

GLITAZONE

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8
Q

MOA of TZDs

A

Increases insulin sensitivity at skeletal muscle, hepatic & adipose tissue & glucose use

Decreases insulin resistance & hepatic glucose production

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9
Q

TZDs decrease

A

Triglycerides

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10
Q

GLP-1 receptor agonists ends in

A

TIDE

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11
Q

MOA of GLP-1 receptor agonist

A

Increases beta cell insulin secretion & satiety

Decreases alpha cell glucagon production & appetite

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12
Q

Unusual side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist

A

Acute pancreatitis & renal insufficiency

Injection site reaction

Gallbladder & biliary disease risk

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13
Q

Sodium glucose co transporter inhibitors end in

A

GLIFLOZIN

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14
Q

MOA of Sodium glucose co transporter inhibitors

A

Inhibits SGLT2 in the proximal tubule

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15
Q

Sodium glucose co transporter inhibitors cause

A

A decrease in BP & decrease CV EVENTS

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16
Q

What to consider with SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Ketoacidosis & dehydration

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17
Q

Unusual side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Osmotic diuresis

Higher risk in ACEI & ARBs

Ketoacidosis

UTI & genital infections

Decrease bone density

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18
Q

Dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibitors end in

A

GLIPTIN

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19
Q

MOA of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors

A

Inhibits DPP4 enzyme which breaks down incretin hormones

Increase insulin secretion

Decrease glucagon secretion

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20
Q

DPP4 Inhibitors cause

A

Musculoskeletal pain

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21
Q

MOA of thionamides

A

Inhibits thyroid peroxidase & formation of TH

Decrease concentrations of antithyrotropin- receptor antibodies

PTU inhibits deiodination of T4-T3

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22
Q

Adverse effects of Thionamides

A

Urticaria

Skin rash

Arthralgia

GI discomfort

Agranulocytosis & granulocytopenia

Hepatic toxicity

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23
Q

MOA of potassium iodides

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A

Decreases iodine uptake by thyroid, TH synthesis & release, thyroid size & thyroid vascularity

24
Q

Side effects of potassium iodides

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A

Allergic reaction

Angioedema

Laryngeal edema

Bleeding disorders

25
MOA of radioactive iodine
Uptake by thyroid cells Iodine isotopes trapped in thyroid Beta rays destroy cells w/minimal to no damage to surrounding tissues
26
Risks of radioactive iodine
Hypothyroidism Contraindicated in pregnancy Radiation toxicity Infertility
27
Special consideration with radioactive iodine
Definitive tx for Graves Arrhythmias, ischemia & HF controlled with Propranolol, which inhibits T4-T3 conversion Controls HR, HTN, & fever Dose 0.5-1mg over 10min
28
MOA of corticosteroids
Cytoplasmic receptors DNA transcription Regulates protein synthesis
29
Which drugs have mineralocorticoid activity
Fludrocortisone Aldosterone
30
Which medications have no mineralocorticoid activity
Betameth Triamcinolone
31
When should dexamethasone be avoided
In severe head injury or hemorrhage
32
A glucocorticoid acts as an analgesic by
Peripheral inhibition along COX & lipoxygenase
33
Unusual symptoms of long term steroid use
Fluid resistant HOTN Change in consciousness & cognitive decline N/V/ABD pain Low BS low Na & increased K Persistent fever
34
Do not give decadron with
Benadryl
35
Decadron has minimal
To no mineralocorticoid activity
36
Corticoidsteroid adverse effects
HPA suppression Low K Alkalosis Increased HCT Cataracts Skeletal muscle myopathy due to K LOSS Osteoporosis
37
Large doses of opioids will
Alter cortisol response to surgical stress
38
Etomidate inhibits
Cortisol synthesis (adrenal insufficiency)
39
Volatile anesthetics have
Minimal suppression of stress induced endocrine response
40
Regional anesthesia
Will decrease cortisol release & may decrease periop complications
41
Inhibiting ACh will cause
Dilation
42
Gq- Gs-
Gq- constriction Gs-dilation
43
Inhaled corticosteroids can cause an
Increase in IOP
44
Ketamine can cause direct
Bronchodilation & increases secretion, so give anticholinergic
45
Propofol can possibly
Cause dilation due to a decrease in vagal tone
46
Etomidate decreases
SVR & PAP
47
Why should you give propofol with caution in the PH patient
Decreases SVR & coronary perfusion RV dysfunction May vasoconstrict in PAH
48
Nitrous oxide causes
Pulmonary vasoconstriction
49
An epidural will cause
HOTN & RV dysfunction
50
Prostaglandins inhibits
Smooth muscle cell growth PLT Aggregation
51
Remodeling will
Decrease systemic & pulm artery pressure
52
Indomethacin MOA
Non specific inhibition of COX 1 & 2 enzymes Decrease production of prostaglandins
53
Side effects of Indomethacin
Gastritis Nausea Oligohydraminas Premature closure of PDA
54
Side effects of CCB
Vasodilation Dizzy HA Palpitations
55
MOA of beta agonists
Binds beta 2 receptor Stimulates adenyl cyclase Increases formation of camp Causing inhibition of MLCK
56
MOA of oxytocin receptor antagonists (Atosiban)
Competitive inhibition of oxytocin binding to oxytocin receptors Prevents IP3 formation & Ca release from SR
57
Mg effects on endothelium
Decreased PLT aggregation & vasodilation

pharm 4 (4 decks)

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