MOAs Flashcards
(25 cards)
Adrenaline
Naturally Occurring alpha and beta-Adrenalin stimulant
Beta 1:
- Increases HR by increased SA node firing rate
- Increases conduction velocity through the AV node
- Increases myocardial contractility
- Increases irritability of ventricles
Beta 2:
- Bronchodilation
Alpha:
- Peripheral vasoconstriction
Aspirin
An analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation agent
- minimises platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in order to disrupt the progression of coronary artery thrombosis in ACS
- inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins - anti-inflammatory actions
Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporin antibiotic - interferes with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis and death
Dexamethasone
A corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex
- Relieves inflammatory reactions
- Provides immunosuppression
Dextrose 10%
Restores blood glucose levels by providing carbohydrates and calories while minimising glycogen depletion
Fentanyl
Synthetic opioid analgesic - mainly acts on mu-opioid receptors in the CBS to reduce transmission of the pain impulse and by modulating the descending inhibitory pathways from the brain
Glucagon
- Increases blood glucose concentration by activating hepatic glucose production
- Also increases cyclic AMP independent of beta-receptors or calcium flux, resulting in a positive chronotropic and inotropic effect
GTN
Organic Nitrate relaxes vascular smooth muscle
Metabolises into nitric oxide
Venodilation promotes venous pooling and reduces return to the heart (reduces preload)
Articulation reduces systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure (reduces afterload)
Effects
- Reduces myocardial oxygen demand
- Reduced systolic, diastolic and MAP whilst maintaining coronary perfusion pressure
- Mild collateral coronary artery dilation may improve blood supply to ischaemic areas of the myocardium
- Mild tachycardia secondary to slight fall in BP
- Preterm labour: uterine quiescence in pregnancy
Heparin
Anticoagulant
Inactivates clotting factors IIa (thrombin) and Xa by binding to antithrombin III
Hydrocortisone
Corticosteroid with approximately equal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects
Inhibits inflammatory transcription factors and the promotion of anti-inflammatory genes
Ipratropium Bromide
Anticholinergix bronchodilator
- Allows bronchodilation by inhibiting cholinergic bronchomotor tone (blocks canal reflexes which mediate bronchoconstriction)
Ketamine
Anaesthetic agent with analgesic properties at lower doses
Exact mechanism of action is unclear, but primarily works as an antagonist at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Ketamine may also interact with opioid, muscarinic and other receptors. Produces a trance-like dissociative state with amnesia, with preservation of laryngeal and pharyngeal reflexes
Lidocaine
Sodium Channel Blocker - interrupts impulse conduction in peripheral nerves and stabilises excitable cell membranes
Methoxyflurane (penthrane)
Inhaled analgesic - produces analgesia at low concentrations, however exact moa is unknown
Midazolam
Short acting CNS depressant
- Anxiolytic
- Sedative
- Anti-convulsant
Morphine
An opioid analgesic
CNS effects:
- Depression (leading to analgesia)
- Respiratory depression
- Depression of cough reflex
- Stimulation (changes in mood, euphoria or dysphoria, vomiting, pin-point pupils)
- Dependence
Cardiovascular effects:
- Vasodilation
- Decrease conduction velocity through the AV node
Naloxone
An opioid antagonist
- Prevents or reverses the effects of opioids
Olanzapine
Atypical antipsychotic - antagonist at multiple receptor sites, particularly serotonin (5-HT), dopamine and histamine
Ondanestron
5-HT3 antagonist - exact mode of action is not fully understood. Release of serotonin is thought to trigger a vomiting reflex in both the peripheral and central nervous system
Oxytocin
Synthetic pituitary hormone - stimulates uterine muscle contraction. Uterine stony is the most common cause of PPPH
Paracetamol
Analgesic and antipyretic - exact MOA unclear; thought to inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins in the CNS
Prochlorperazine (Stemetil)
Dopamine antagonist - antiemetic effects are primarily due to D2 receptor blockade. Also acts on other neurotransmitter systems including histaminic, cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors
Salbutamol
A synthetic beta adrenergic stimulant with primarily beta 2 effects
- Causes bronchodilation
Tenecteplase
Fibronolytic - a modified form of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) that binds to fibrin and converts plasminogen to plasmin
