Mock 2

Question 1

To produce energy in cardiogenic shock, cells utilise

Answer 1

Anaerobic metabolism

Question 2

Urine passes through the:

Answer 2

Pelvis of the kidney
To the ureter
To the bladder
To the urethra

Question 3

The presence of Schwann cells (myelin sheath) is important in:

Answer 3

The rapid transmission of a nerve impulse

Question 4

Neurotransmitters act on:

Answer 4

Specific receptors on the postsynaptic neurone causing depolarisation

Question 5

Both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways require something to proceed. What is it?

Answer 5

The presence of calcium

Question 6

According to NICE, what is the current first line treatment for hypertension in patients aged under 55 years?

Answer 6

ACE Inhibitors

Question 7

Symptoms of infection can be caused by:

Answer 7

Our immune system
Toxins produced by microorganisms
The death of invaded human cells

Question 8

Which is the primary organ associated with drug metabolism?

Answer 8

The liver

Question 9

Isosorbide mononitrate and glyceryl tribute are cause vasodilation by facilitating an increased supply of what substance?

Answer 9

Nitric oxide (NO)

Question 10

When considering medicines management in elderly patients, which aspect of pharmacokinetics changes the most?

Answer 10

Excretion/Elimination

Question 11

How do ACE inhibitors work?

Answer 11

They block the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

Question 12

The coronary sinus drains venous blood from:?

Answer 12

The arteries supplying the heart

Question 13

What is the process by which water is reabsorbed from the renal tubule?

Answer 13

Osmosis

Question 14

Which gland produces growth hormone?

Answer 14

Pituitary

Question 15

Raised levels of angiotensin 2 and antidiuretic hormone will result in:

Answer 15

An increase in venous return

Question 16

The chordate tendinae prevent regurgitation from

Answer 16

The ventricles into the atria

Question 17

What is caused by a ventilation-perfusion mismatch?

Answer 17

Type 1 respiratory failure

Question 18

The presenting characteristics of an osteoarthritic pain are:

Answer 18

Inflammation
Sensitisation
Evocation of silent nociceptors
Wind up

Question 19

Which oral antiglycaemic is least likely to cause hypoglycaemia?

Answer 19

Met form in

Question 20

Inhaled salbutamol can cause tachycardia as a side effect especially in higher doses. This occurs because:

Answer 20

B2 receptors in the heart muscle are stimulated by salbutamol

Question 21

Chronic inflammation is not associated with?

Answer 21

Infiltration of neutrophils

Question 22

Consequences of atherosclerosis do not include?

Answer 22

Hypertension

Question 23

Consequences of atherosclerosis include:

Answer 23

Ischaemic heart disease
Acute coronary symptoms
Stroke

Question 24

Where in the body is renin produced?

Answer 24

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 25

Water deficiency results in what?

Answer 25

Hypotension

Question 26

An aneurysm is an abnormal

Answer 26

Widening or ballooning of an artery

Question 27

The heart Rate is regulated by the cardiovascular centre, which lies where in the brain?

Answer 27

In the medulla oblongata

Question 28

With regard to erythropoietin (EPO) release from the kidneys, what is false?

Answer 28

In anaemia the kidneys produce less EPO to conserve the 02 carrying capacity of the red blood cells already in the blood

Question 29

Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Answer 29

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)

Question 30

The spinothalamic tract carries nociceptive impulses from:

Answer 30

The first order synapse to the thalamus

Question 31

What are thrombolytic drugs used for?

Answer 31

To break down clots in emergencies

Question 32

Muscle cells use the anaerobic process of glycolysis when:

Answer 32

The mitochondria lack sufficient oxygen to meet ATP demands

Question 33

Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscle fibres in that they:

Answer 33

Do not require neural stimulation to contract

Question 34

What causes the redness in inflammation?

Answer 34

Vasodilatation

Question 35

The refractory stage of shock

Answer 35

Results in multi system organ failure

Question 36

Haematocrit is also known as

Answer 36

Packed cell volume

Question 37

The hypothalamus secretes which of the following hormones?

Answer 37

Thyroid-releasing hormone

Question 38

The acute complications of diabetes are:

Answer 38

Hypoglycaemia Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic syndrome

Question 39

Which of the following lung volumes can only be estimated ?

Answer 39

Total lung capacity