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Peer Teaching Mocks 3a To Learn > Mock 4 > Flashcards

Mock 4 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 1st and second line medications in ADHD?

A
  1. Methylphenidate

2. Lisdexamfetamine

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2
Q

What is the 1st line treatment in viral induced wheeze?

A

Inhaled salbutamol via a spacer

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3
Q

What is used to diagnose Necrotising Enterocolitis?

A

Abdominal X-ray

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4
Q

What is the treatment for glue ear?

A

Usually resolves by itself (can take up to 3 months)

If treatment is required, grommets or temporary hearing aids can be given

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5
Q

Which side are inguinal hernias more common on?

A

The right side - due to patency of the processes vaginalis

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6
Q

What heart defect is William’s syndrome associated with?

A

Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis

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7
Q

What can be given after 1st line management in asthma exacerbation if the patient is not responding?

A

IV Salbutamol
IV aminophylline
IV magnesium

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8
Q

What does gram negative diplococci in CSF suggest?

A

N. meningitidis

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9
Q

Why is amoxicillin added to children under 3 months treatment for meningitis?

A

To cover for listeria

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10
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Undescended testes

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of cryptorchidism?

A
  1. Retractile
  2. Palpable
  3. Impalpable
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12
Q

What is retractile cryptorchidism?

A

the testis is not present in the scrotum but can be manipulated into the scrotum before retracting again

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13
Q

What is palpable cryptorchidism?

A

the testis can be palpated in the groin but cannot be manipulated into the scrotum

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14
Q

What is impalpable cryptorchidism?

A

no testis can be felt, and may lie in the inguinal canal, intra-abdominally, or be absent

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15
Q

What is orchidopexy?

A

Surgical placement of the testis in the scrotum

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16
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis ?

A

Type 1

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17
Q

How should adrenaline be given in anaphylaxis?

A

IM - If there is no change administer again

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants after the neonatal period ?

A

Intussusception

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19
Q

What is the investigation of choice in intussusception?

A

Abdo USS - Target sign or donut sign seen

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20
Q

Why are fluids crucial in intussusception?

A

Fluid pools in the abdomen due to obstruction - leading to shock

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21
Q

What is the treatment of choice in intussusception?

A

Air insufflation

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22
Q

What happens to reflexes in lithium toxicity?

A

They become hyper-reflexic

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23
Q

Give 4 examples of drugs that can be used as a mood stabiliser in long term bipolar?

A

Lithium
Carbamazepine
Olanzapine
Sodium valproate

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24
Q

What is more common, hypoactive or hyperactive delirium?

A

Hypoactive - but its much easier to miss

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25
Give 7 causes of delirium
``` PINCH ME Pain Infection Nutrition Constipation Hydration Medication Electrolytes ```
26
What is a GI side effect of oxybutinin?
Constipation
27
What are the 3 main areas of serotonin syndrome?
Neuromuscular hyperactivity Autonomic dysfunction Altered mental state
28
How long should benzodiazepines be used for (maximum)?
No more than 2-4 weeks due to risk of addiction and side effects such as drowsiness
29
What class of drug is duloxetine?
SNRI
30
What are Lilliputian hallucinations?
This is characterised by seeing lots of small people. The name comes from Gulliver’s Travels
31
What kind of hallucinations are seen in delirium tremens?
Lilliputian hallucinations
32
What are extracampine hallucinations? What are they seen in?
Hallucinations outside the realm of physical possibility Schizophrenia and other psychotic illnesses
33
What are the 2 most common heart defects seen in Turner's syndrome?
1. Bicuspid aortic valve | 2. Coarctation of the aorta
34
Damage to which nerves causes Erb's Palsy?
C5-C6
35
What is Klumpke's palsy?
Damage to C8-T1 after birth - less common than Erb's palsy
36
What is given in preterm labour before 24 weeks with a TVUS cervical length of <25mm and no previous preterm birth/trauma?
Vaginal progesterone - decreases activity of myometrium and prevents cervix remodelling
37
What is given in preterm labour if the patient had a previous preterm birth or any cervical trauma (for example cone biopsy to take out abnormal cells or if TVUS cervical length is 25mm+?
Cervical cerclage - stitch in the cervix
38
Give 5 features of ovarian neoplasm
- Hirsutism due to testosterone secretion - Acute abdomen due to ovarian torsion - Rupture or haemorrhage - Thyrotoxicosis as in struma ovarii - Amenorrhea
39
What is haematocolpos?
An accumulation of blood in the vagina - usually die to an imperforate hymen
40
What is ovarian hyperthecosis?
The presence of luteinised theca call nests in the ovarian stroma - it accounts for most of the cases of hyperandrogenaemia in POSTMENOPAUSAL women
41
What is the most likely cause of hyperandrogegism in postmenopausal women?
Ovarian hyperthecosis
42
What would LH, FSH, Oestradiol and TSH look like in anorexia nervosa?
LH - Low FSH - Low Oestrodial - Low TSH - Low
43
What is the management of puerperal psychosis?
Hospital admission for psychiatric evaluation
44
What are the radiological findings in heart failure?
``` Alveolar oedema Kerley B lines Cardiomegaly Dilated upper lobe veins Pleural effusion ```
45
What are bat wing opacities?
Seen on CXR - representing alveolar oedema
46
What do Koplik spots look like?
Red spots with white centres on the buccal mucosa
47
What is an AUDIT score?
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
48
What is AUDIT-C?
The shortened version of AUDIT. It comprises of the following 3 questions. If the patient scores more than 3, you must complete the full questionnaire. 1. How often do you have a drink containing alcohol? 2. How many units of alcohol do you drink on a typical day when you are drinking? 3. How often have you had 6 or more units if female, or 8 or more if male, on a single occasion in the last year?
49
How would you manage somebody who has come in with possible symptoms of alcohol withdrawal but are unsure whether it s alcohol related?
Assess their AUDIT score
50
When is sumatriptan contraindicated?
Coronary artery disease
51
What can be used second line in a premenopausal woman with focal seizures that is intolerant to carbamazepine?
Lamotragine
52
What is the explanation for a large mediastinal mass on CT CAP in myasthenia gravis patients?
``` Thymic hyperplasia (75% of pts) Thyoma (15% of pts) ```
53
What is the GCS score?
54
What is Uhthoff's phenomenon?
Heat sensitivity in MS
55
What is Lhermitte's sign?
A transient sensory symptom described as an electric shock radiating down the spine or into the limbs most often after flexion of the neck.
56
What are the symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis?
Fatigue Jaundice Pruritis PBC is related with other autoimmune diseases
57
What antibodies are detected in primary biliary cholangitis?
Antimitochondrial antibodies
58
What is 1st line In delirium tremens?
Lorazepam
59
What is the causative organism in syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
60
What kind of bacteria is treponema pallidum?
Spirochaete bacterium
61
What is the 1st line treatment in acute flare up in ulcerative colitis?
Severe: IV Steroids i.e. hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone Moderate: Oral steroids e.g. prednisolone
62
What are used to induce remission into mild disease in UC?
5-ASAs e.g. Mesalazine
63
What does gram positive cocci in CSF suggest?
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
64
What is used to relieve pain in IBS?
Buscopan - antispasmodic medication
65
What is 1st and 2nd line for prevention of migraines?
1. Propanolol | 2. Topiramate
66
Where might patients suffering from biliary colic feel pain?
1. RUQ pain in waves | 2. Referred intrascapular pain
67
What is charcot's triad?
Characteristic of cholangitis: - Fever - RUQ pain - Jaundice
68
What sign is seen in cholecystitis?
Positive Murphy's sign
69
How do you differentiate cholangitis and cholecystitis?
Jaundice is present in cholangitis. It is not present in cholecystitis.

Peer Teaching Mocks 3a To Learn (9 decks)

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