mock flashcards.

Question 1

What is atrial systole / ventricular diastole?

Answer 1

Atria contract. Ventricles relax. Blood flows into ventricles.

Question 2

What is ventricular systole / atrial diastole?

Answer 2

Ventricles contract. Atria relax. Blood leaving ventricles out of heart.

Question 3

What is diastole?

Answer 3

Whole heart relaxes. Allows blood to fill into atria.

Question 4

Describe movement of blood through the heart?

Answer 4

• Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium through the vena cava.
• Enters right ventricle through tricuspid valves, which then close.
• Blood enters the pulmonary artery to the lungs, through the semi-lunar valve.
• Blood returns from the lungs and back to the heart in the pulmonary vein.
• Moves into the left atrium and through the bicuspid valves, into the left ventricle.
• Left ventricle pushes blood through the semi-lunar valves out to the rest of the body through the aorta.

Question 5

What does it mean if the cardiac muscles are myogenic?

Answer 5

Controls own contractions by initiating its own electrical impulses.

Question 6

Describe the control of heart contractions?

Answer 6

• SAN is a natural pacemaker that initiates electrical impulses to start atrial systole.
• Reaches AVN node which delays signal. Allows atria to fully contract so all blood flows into ventricles.
• AVN transmits signal to the Bundle of His, which transmits impulse to the apex.
• Impulses spreads along the Purkinje fibres in the ventricular walls, stimulating ventricle systole.

Question 7

Order of classification?

Answer 7

• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

Question 8

What is interspecific variation?

Answer 8

Variation between different species?

Question 9

What is intraspecific variation?

Answer 9

Variation within same species?

Question 10

What is continuous variation?

Answer 10

Data can numerical / quantative. Can be between things, e.g. 1.2

Question 11

What is discontinuous variation?

Answer 11

Data in different categories. Cannot be in between, e.g. colours.

Question 12

Explain ventilation in insects?

Answer 12

Ventilation
- Insects move their abdomen to change the volume of their bodies to move air in and out of the spiracles. Larger insects also use wing movements to pump their thoraxes.
- Air-filled pipped called trachea are used for gas exchange.
- Air moves in through the pores on the surface called spiracles (diffusion).
- The trachea branch in to tracheoles which have thin permeable walls and to individual cells.

Question 13

Explain gas exchange in insects?

Answer 13

• The tracheoles contain fluid which oxygen dissolves in. The oxygen moves from this fluid in to cells.

Question 14

Examples of bacteria diseases?

Answer 14

• Animals = Tuberculosis.
• Plants = Ring rot.

Question 15

Examples of fungi diseases?

Answer 15

Animals = Athlete’s foot.
Plant = Black sigatoka.

Question 16

Examples of virus diseases?

Answer 16

Animals = AIDS.
Plants = TMV.

Question 17

Examples of protist diseases?

Answer 17

Animals = Malaria.