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ARRT prep > MOCK questions > Flashcards

MOCK questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which interaction between x-ray photons and matter involves the greatest patient dose?

A

Photoelectric

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2
Q

The NCRP-recommended annual dose limit for the gonads of occupationally-exposed adults is

A

50mSv

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3
Q

What is the term used to describe restriction of patient movement to ensure safety?

A

Restraint

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4
Q

What weighting factor(s) is/are used to determine the Sievert?

A

Wt and Wr

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5
Q

A device that measures, in candelas per square meter, the luminescence of image display monitors and their uniformity is knows as a(n)

A

Photometer

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6
Q

what best function to reduce the amount of scattered radiation reaching the IR?

A

Grids, Collimator, and compression

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7
Q

Radiographers use monitoring devices to record their monthly exposure to radiation. The types of devices suited for this purpose include the

A

TLD and OSL

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8
Q

Which of the following is primarily responsible for occupational exposure?

A

Compton and scatter radiation

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9
Q

What is the exposure indicator in digital (cassetteless) systems termed

A

Dose Area Product

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10
Q

Which interaction between x-ray photons and matter involves a low-energy (low kV) incident photon?

A

Photoelectric

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11
Q

What unit is used to describe ionization in air?

A

Gya

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12
Q

If a lateral lumbar spine were performed with the center detector selected and the spinous processes centered to the sensor, the resulting image is likely to be

A

Underexposed

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13
Q

When using an AEC system, the amount of preset radiation detection values can be adjusted by the

A

Density control

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14
Q

Which of the following types of fracture occurs when the skin is not penetrated?

A

Closed and Simple

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15
Q

Which of the following are the synarthrodial sutures of the skull?

A

Sagittal, Coronal, Lambdoidal, and Squamosoal

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16
Q

Which term refers to the smallest dose of radiation that will produce a specific effect?

A

Threshold

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17
Q

When struck by light photons emitted by the input phosphor, the photocathode emits

A

Electrons

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18
Q

The NCRP-recommended annual occupational dose limit for localized areas of the skin, hands, and feet is

A

500 mSv

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19
Q

A direct relationship exists between image brightness and

A

density

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20
Q

In what type of interaction does the incident photon lose up to one-third of its energy?

A

Compton

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21
Q

Fluoroscopic magnification mode

A

increases patient dose

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22
Q

In what type of interaction is the average energy of the photon one-third of the kVp selected at the control counsel?

A

Bremstrahlung

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23
Q

What is the process of transmitting and viewing images remotely termed?

A

Teleradiography

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24
Q

X-rays are electrically

A

Neutral

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25
Q

Which projection of the elbow will cause superimposition of the proximal ulna by the radial head and neck?

A

AP oblique with Medial rotation

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26
Q

Which type of shielding should be used during an examination that requires a sterile field?

A

Shadow shield

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27
Q

What postprocessing function manipulates image contrast?

A

Window width

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28
Q

The term that defines the number of shades of gray that can be displayed within a pixel is

A

bit depth

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29
Q

Which of the following is a disease that is most often a complication of thrombus formation in one or both lower extremities?

A

PE

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30
Q

During CR image extraction, what is the device used to collect light emitted by storage plate phosphors?

A

photodetector

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31
Q

The advantages of coupling a CCD with the image intensifier output phosphor include

A

less spatial distortion and higher DQE

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32
Q

Arrange the cycle of infection components in their correct order following the recognized reservoir of infection:

A

Portal of exit; susceptible host; portal of entry; transmission of disease

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33
Q

Occupational radiation is

A

low energy and low LET.

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34
Q

The SMV projection requires that the IOML baseline be parallel to the IR, and demonstrates which of the following paranasal sinuses?

A

Maxillary, Ethmoid, and sphenoid

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35
Q

Which of the following is the term used to describe episodes of chest pain that occur when coronary arteries are unable to supply the heart with sufficient oxygenated blood?

A

Angina Pectoris

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36
Q

The x-ray tube most efficiently operates on

A

unidirectional/dc.

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37
Q

When a 1-mm Pb flat contact shield is used to shield female reproductive organs, their dose is reduced by about

A

50%

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38
Q

What must be the lead equivalent of the fluoroscopic image intensifier assembly?

A

2.0 mm Pb equiv

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39
Q

What is the name of the exposure system that uses an established, optimum kV for each anatomical part?

A

Fixed Kilovoltage system

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40
Q

With AEC, the area of interest must be placed directly over the selected detectors in order to avoid

A

Under and over exposure

41
Q

Fluoroscopic magnification is associated with

A

improved spatial resolution, improved contrast resolution

42
Q

Which of the following is the prominence on the squamosal portion of the frontal bone that may be used as a positioning landmark?

A

Glabella

43
Q

20 CFR states that radiation monitoring must be provided for occupationally exposed individuals who are likely to receive more than what portion of the annual dose equivalent limit?

A

1/10

44
Q

What angulation is required for the PA axial projection of the mandible in order to demonstrate the condyles and TMJ area?

A

Cephalad

45
Q

The portion of fluoroscopic equipment that functions to adjust the kVp and/or mA automatically to adjust for differences in anatomic thickness or density is known as

A

Automatic brightness control

46
Q

How is the minimum wavelength of the x-ray beam affected with added filtration?

A

it is unaffected

47
Q

Radiologic examinations that do not demonstrate function include

A

retrograde urography and retrograde cystography

48
Q

When x-ray exposure to the digital image receptor is too low

A

Quantum noise is increased and brightness is acceptable

49
Q

Compared to film-screen imaging, digital systems are

A

more sensitive to lower energy radiation and scatter radiation

50
Q

Of the three tools used to measure the focal spot size—the slit camera, the pinhole camera, and the star pattern—which is the most commonly used?

A

Slit Camera

51
Q

The feature(s) of digital fluoroscopy that function to reduce patient dose are

A

last image hold, pulsed fluoroscopy

52
Q

From the following list, select the factor(s) having an impact on image distortion

A

part thickness, Tube angle, IR placement

53
Q

What type of technique chart is based on the concept that kVp should be increased as anatomic part size increases?

A

Variable kVp-fixed mAs

54
Q

What radiation exposure dose to the ovaries will result in temporary infertility?

A

2Gy

55
Q

When changing from half-wave to full-wave rectification

A

Both X-ray quantity and quality double

56
Q

A 0.5-mm Pb equivalent apron will attenuate what percentage of the scattered beam at 100 kV?

A

75%

57
Q

The NCRP recommends an annual lens of eye EfD limit to the occupationally exposed of

A

150 mSv

58
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for adults?

A

12-18 breaths/ min

59
Q

Advantages of flat-panel digital fluoroscopy system include:

A
  1. better contrast resolution
  2. uniformly distortion-free images
  3. high DQE
60
Q

Characteristics of the primary x-ray beam include:

A

lower intensity at the anode end

61
Q

The NCRP-recommended annual dose limit for the thyroid is

A

500 mSv

62
Q

The length of the latent period portion of acute radiation syndrome decreases as radiation exposure

A

increases

63
Q

The coronoid process should be visualized in profile in which of the following positions?

A

Medial oblique view

64
Q

What kV range is recommended for chest radiography?

A

110-125 kV

65
Q

the factor(s) that are most likely to impact image spatial resolution/image sharpness

A

Focal Spot Size, SID, and OID

66
Q

The annual effective dose (EfD) limit for radiography students participating in clinical education before the age of 18 is

A

1 mSv

67
Q

If a lateral lumbar spine were performed with the center detector selected and the spinous processes centered to the sensor, the resulting image is likely to be

A

Underexposed

68
Q

In an AP external rotation projection of the shoulder, the greater tubercle should be seen in profile

A

Laterally

69
Q

Of the four categories of mobile units, which type needs to be plugged into the wall yet produces the most consistent radiation output?

A

High Frequency

70
Q

Within the x-ray circuit, the electrical device that operates on the principle of mutual induction and serves to increase voltage and decrease current is known as the

A

Step up transformer

71
Q

T/F

The storage screens typically used in CR contain cesium iodide.

A

False

72
Q

Which is the most frequently occurring interaction between x-ray photons and tissue in diagnostic x-ray imaging?

A

Compton scatter

73
Q

If patient entrance skin exposure (ESE) is 225 mR for a particular projection, the intensity of scatter 1 m from the patient will be

A

.225 mR

74
Q

Which of the following terms is used for ionizing radiation-induced hair loss?

A

Aloepecia and Epilation

75
Q

Which interaction between x-ray photons and matter involves a low-energy (low kV) incident photon?

A

Photoelectric effect

76
Q

A vasomotor effect experienced after injection of a contrast agent is characterized by all of the following symptoms

A

hypotension

77
Q

What pixel size has a 512 × 512 matrix with a 20-cm field of view (FOV)?

A

0.40 mm/pixel

78
Q

What pixel size has a 14” FOV and a 1250 matrix size?

A

0.284 mm

79
Q

Factors influencing image contrast in digital imaging include

A

both lookup table and windowing.

80
Q

Causes of grid cutoff, when using focused moving grids?

A

Inadequate SID

81
Q

As the anode angle decreases,

A
  1. image sharpness improves
  2. the effective focal spot is smaller than the actual focal spot
  3. the anode heel effect is emphasized
82
Q

Which fat pad(s) will be visualized in a normal and accurately positioned lateral elbow?

A
  1. Anterior fat pads

2. Supinator fat pad

83
Q

The bilateral AP oblique/frog-leg projection/modified Cleaves method of the pelvis requires that the CR be directed to the midline at a level 1-inch superior to the

A

Pubic symphysis

84
Q

Protective or “reverse” isolation is required in which of the following conditions?

A

burns and leukemia

85
Q

The first through fourth lumbar zygapophyseal articulations are how many degrees to the MSP?

A

45

86
Q

Consistent output in radiation intensity, at a particular kV selection, and using various combinations of mA and time to produce the same mAs value is termed

A

exposure linearity

87
Q

How do changes in pixel density and pixel pitch impact spatial resolution?

A

Increased pixel density increases spatial resolution; decreased pixel pitch increases spatial resolution

88
Q

The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) has recommended what total gestational equivalent dose limit to the embryo/fetus?

A

5 mSv

89
Q

what can affect radiographic contrast?

A

Lookup Table, Pathology, and OID

90
Q

Too much edge enhancement of the image in digital systems can cause an unwanted artifact called the

A

Halo effect artifact

91
Q

What is the position of the gallbladder in an asthenic patient?

A

inferior and medial

92
Q

Which of the following anatomical structures is best demonstrated in an axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible when a 30° rotation toward the IR is utilized?

A

The Body

93
Q

Which of the following projections are typically included in a rib series to rule out pneumothorax?

A

PA chest and Lateral Chest

94
Q

Contraindications for performing a myelogram include:

A

presence of blood in the CSF, increased cranial pressure, recent lumbar puncture

95
Q

The types of secondary radiation include

A

Leakage and Scatter radiation

96
Q

possible complications of barium escaping from the gastrointestinal tract in to the peritoneum or vascular system?

A

Peritonitis, Formation of a barium granuloma, Embolus production

97
Q

what happens when the kVp is increased?

A

Decreased absorbed dose, Increased scatter radiation, Decreased contrast

98
Q

When helping a patient into/out of a wheelchair, the wheelchair should be locked and how many degrees to the x-ray table/bed?

A

45 degrees

ARRT prep (1 decks)

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