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anachem > mod 1 > Flashcards

mod 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The closeness of an experimental measurementer result to the true or accepted value.

A

Accuracy

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2
Q

Constituent of the sample which is to be studied by quantitative measurements of identified qualitatively.

A

Analyte

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3
Q

A highly accurate defermination, usually of a valuable constituent in a material of large bulk, e.g. minerals and ores. Also used in the assessment of the purity of a material, e.g. the physiologically active constituent of a pharmaceutical product.

A

Assay

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4
Q

That proportion of a measurement which arises from sources other than the analyte itself. Individual contributions from instrumental sources, added reagents and the matrix can, if desired, be evaluated separately.

A

Background

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5
Q

A measurement or observation in which the sample is replaced by a simulated matrix the conditions otherwise being identical to those under which a sample would be analyzed.

A

Blank

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6
Q

A solution that has no analyte

A

Blank

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7
Q

A procedure which enables the response of an instrument to be related to the mass, volume or concentration of an analyte in a sample by first measuring the response from a sample of known composition or from a known amount of the analyte,

A

Calibration

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8
Q

Process of configuring an instrument to provide result for a sample within acceptable range

A

Calibration

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9
Q

The amount of a substance present in a given mass or volume of another substance.

A

concentration

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10
Q

A component of a sample

A

Constituent

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11
Q

how many is major constituent?

A

> 10%

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12
Q

how many is minor constituent

A

0.01-10%

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13
Q

how many is trace constituent?

A

1-100 ppm (0.0001-0.01%)

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14
Q

how many is ultratrace constituent?

A

< 1ppm

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15
Q

The smallest amount or concentration of an analyte that can be detected by a given procedure and with a given degree of confidence.

A

Detection Limit

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16
Q

A quantitative measure of an analyte with an accuracy of considerably better than 10% of the amount present.

A

Determination

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17
Q

That amount of a substance which, in a specified chemical reaction, produces, reacts with or can be indirectly equated with one mole

A

Equivalent

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18
Q

What is the value of one mole?

A

6.022 x 10 ^ 23

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19
Q

A semi-quantitative measure of the amount of an analyte present in a sample, i.e. an approximate measurement having an accuracy no better than about 10% of the amount present.

A

Estimation

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20
Q

What are the 2 parameters of quality control?

A

Sensitivity and Specificity

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21
Q

It is the ability of an analytical method to measure the smallest concentration of an analyte of interest

A

Sensitivity

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22
Q

The ability to test only the analyte of interest.

A

Specificity

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23
Q

An effect which alters or obscures the behavior of an analyte in an analytical procedure.

A

Interference

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24
Q

A compound or element added to all calibration standards and samples in a constant known amount

A

Internal Standard

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25
Q

Treatment of a sample with a reagent to prevent interference with the response of the analyte by other constituents of the sample

A

Masking

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26
Q

The remainder of the sample of which the analyte forms a part.

A

Matrix

27
Q

The overall description of the instructions for a particular analysis

A

Method

28
Q

The random or indeterminate error associated with a measurement or result.

A

Precision

29
Q

Other names for Precision

A

Variability and Reproducibility

30
Q

A substance whose purity and stability are particularly well established and with which other standards may be compared.

A

Primary Standard

31
Q

A description of the practical steps involved in an analysis

A

Procedure

32
Q

A chemical used to produce a specified reaction in relation to an analytical procedure

A

Reagent

33
Q

A substance or portion of a substance about which analytical information is required

A

Sample

34
Q

The change in the response from an analyte relative to a small variation in the amount being determined

A

Sensitivity

35
Q

The ability of a method to facilitate the detection or determination of an analyte.

A

Sensitivity

36
Q

A pure substance which reacts in a quantitative and known stoichiometric manner with the analyte or a reagent

A

Standard

37
Q

The pure analyte or a substance containing an accurately known amount of it which is measured before and after adding a known amount of that analyte to the sample

A

Standard

38
Q

A method of quantitative analysis whereby the response from an analyte is measured before and after adding a known amount of that analyte to the sample

A

Standard addition

39
Q

Determinantion of that concetration of an analyte or reagent solution from its reaction with a standard or primary
standard

A

Standardization

40
Q

The principle upon which a group of methods is based

A

Technique

41
Q

In order to ensure that results yielded by a method are as accurate as possible, it is essential to __________ by analyzing standards which have an accepted analyte content and a matrix similar to that of the sample.

A

Validation of Methods

41
Q

In order to ensure that results yielded by a method are as accurate as possible, it is essential to __________ by analyzing standards which have an accepted analyte content and a matrix similar to that of the sample.

A

Validation of Methods

42
Q

It is often called the central science

A

Chemistry

43
Q

It is a measurement science consisting of a set of powerful idead and methods that are useful in all fields of science, engineering and medicine.

A

Analytical Chemistry

44
Q

What are the 3 disciplines that are required in an analysis?

A

Qualitative analysis, Quantitative analysis, and analytes

45
Q

This reveals the identity of the constituents (elements and compounds) in a sample.

A

Qualitative analysis

46
Q

Indicates the amount of each substance in a sample

A

Quantitative analysis

47
Q

The components of a sample that are determined either through qualitative or quantitative analysis

A

Analytes

48
Q

What are the functions of Analytical Chemistry?

A

Fundamental Research, Product Developmet, Product Quality Control, Monitoring and Control of Pollutants, Assay and Medical and Clinical Studies

49
Q

The first steps in unravelling the details of an unknown system frequently involve the identification of its constituents by qualitative chemical analysis

A

Fundamental Research

50
Q

This aims to improve theories

A

Fundamental Research

51
Q

What will happen when quality control is not present?

A

Damaged products will be released

52
Q

What are the different steps in Analysis?

A

Identify the Problem, Choice of Method, Sampling, Prelimenary Sample Treatment, Separations, Final Measurement, Method Validation, Assessment of Results

53
Q

This is a vital step in the solution of an analytical problem

A

Choice of Method

54
Q

What is the first step for analysis?

A

Identify the Problem

55
Q

This is the cornerstone of reliable analysis

A

Correct Sampling

56
Q

What is an example of preliminary sample treatment

A

Masking

57
Q

This step is often the quickest and easiest of the seven but can only be as reliable as the preceding stages

A

Final Measurement

58
Q

Collection of all of the components in the sample containing an analyte

A

matrix or sample matrix

59
Q

Techniques or reactions that work for only one analyte

A

Specific

60
Q

techniques or reactions that apply to only a few analytes

A

Selective

61
Q

process of determining the proportionality between analyte concentration and a measured quantity

A

calibration

62
Q

Steps sa table ng analysis

A

Select method, Acquire sample, process sample, Measurable property eliminate interference, measure property, calculate result, estimate reliability of results

63
Q

3 methods of preliminary treatment

A

preparation of laboratory sample, replicate laboratory sample, prepare solutions for sample

anachem (1 decks)

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