mod 1

Question 1

The closeness of an experimental measurementer result to the true or accepted value.

Answer 1

Accuracy

Question 2

Constituent of the sample which is to be studied by quantitative measurements of identified qualitatively.

Answer 2

Analyte

Question 3

A highly accurate defermination, usually of a valuable constituent in a material of large bulk, e.g. minerals and ores. Also used in the assessment of the purity of a material, e.g. the physiologically active constituent of a pharmaceutical product.

Answer 3

Assay

Question 4

That proportion of a measurement which arises from sources other than the analyte itself. Individual contributions from instrumental sources, added reagents and the matrix can, if desired, be evaluated separately.

Answer 4

Background

Question 5

A measurement or observation in which the sample is replaced by a simulated matrix the conditions otherwise being identical to those under which a sample would be analyzed.

Answer 5

Blank

Question 6

A solution that has no analyte

Answer 6

Blank

Question 7

A procedure which enables the response of an instrument to be related to the mass, volume or concentration of an analyte in a sample by first measuring the response from a sample of known composition or from a known amount of the analyte,

Answer 7

Calibration

Question 8

Process of configuring an instrument to provide result for a sample within acceptable range

Answer 8

Calibration

Question 9

The amount of a substance present in a given mass or volume of another substance.

Answer 9

concentration

Question 10

A component of a sample

Answer 10

Constituent

Question 11

how many is major constituent?

Answer 11

> 10%

Question 12

how many is minor constituent

Answer 12

0.01-10%

Question 13

how many is trace constituent?

Answer 13

1-100 ppm (0.0001-0.01%)

Question 14

how many is ultratrace constituent?

Answer 14

< 1ppm

Question 15

The smallest amount or concentration of an analyte that can be detected by a given procedure and with a given degree of confidence.

Answer 15

Detection Limit

Question 16

A quantitative measure of an analyte with an accuracy of considerably better than 10% of the amount present.

Answer 16

Determination

Question 17

That amount of a substance which, in a specified chemical reaction, produces, reacts with or can be indirectly equated with one mole

Answer 17

Equivalent

Question 18

What is the value of one mole?

Answer 18

6.022 x 10 ^ 23

Question 19

A semi-quantitative measure of the amount of an analyte present in a sample, i.e. an approximate measurement having an accuracy no better than about 10% of the amount present.

Answer 19

Estimation

Question 20

What are the 2 parameters of quality control?

Answer 20

Sensitivity and Specificity

Question 21

It is the ability of an analytical method to measure the smallest concentration of an analyte of interest

Answer 21

Sensitivity

Question 22

The ability to test only the analyte of interest.

Answer 22

Specificity

Question 23

An effect which alters or obscures the behavior of an analyte in an analytical procedure.

Answer 23

Interference

Question 24

A compound or element added to all calibration standards and samples in a constant known amount

Answer 24

Internal Standard

Question 25

Treatment of a sample with a reagent to prevent interference with the response of the analyte by other constituents of the sample

Answer 25

Masking

Question 26

The remainder of the sample of which the analyte forms a part.

Answer 26

Matrix

Question 27

The overall description of the instructions for a particular analysis

Answer 27

Method

Question 28

The random or indeterminate error associated with a measurement or result.

Answer 28

Precision

Question 29

Other names for Precision

Answer 29

Variability and Reproducibility

Question 30

A substance whose purity and stability are particularly well established and with which other standards may be compared.

Answer 30

Primary Standard

Question 31

A description of the practical steps involved in an analysis

Answer 31

Procedure

Question 32

A chemical used to produce a specified reaction in relation to an analytical procedure

Answer 32

Reagent

Question 33

A substance or portion of a substance about which analytical information is required

Answer 33

Sample

Question 34

The change in the response from an analyte relative to a small variation in the amount being determined

Answer 34

Sensitivity

Question 35

The ability of a method to facilitate the detection or determination of an analyte.

Answer 35

Sensitivity

Question 36

A pure substance which reacts in a quantitative and known stoichiometric manner with the analyte or a reagent

Answer 36

Standard

Question 37

The pure analyte or a substance containing an accurately known amount of it which is measured before and after adding a known amount of that analyte to the sample

Answer 37

Standard

Question 38

A method of quantitative analysis whereby the response from an analyte is measured before and after adding a known amount of that analyte to the sample

Answer 38

Standard addition

Question 39

Determinantion of that concetration of an analyte or reagent solution from its reaction with a standard or primary standard

Answer 39

Standardization

Question 40

The principle upon which a group of methods is based

Answer 40

Technique

Question 41

In order to ensure that results yielded by a method are as accurate as possible, it is essential to __________ by analyzing standards which have an accepted analyte content and a matrix similar to that of the sample.

Answer 41

Validation of Methods

Question 41

In order to ensure that results yielded by a method are as accurate as possible, it is essential to __________ by analyzing standards which have an accepted analyte content and a matrix similar to that of the sample.

Answer 41

Validation of Methods

Question 42

It is often called the central science

Answer 42

Chemistry

Question 43

It is a measurement science consisting of a set of powerful idead and methods that are useful in all fields of science, engineering and medicine.

Answer 43

Analytical Chemistry

Question 44

What are the 3 disciplines that are required in an analysis?

Answer 44

Qualitative analysis, Quantitative analysis, and analytes

Question 45

This reveals the identity of the constituents (elements and compounds) in a sample.

Answer 45

Qualitative analysis

Question 46

Indicates the amount of each substance in a sample

Answer 46

Quantitative analysis

Question 47

The components of a sample that are determined either through qualitative or quantitative analysis

Answer 47

Analytes

Question 48

What are the functions of Analytical Chemistry?

Answer 48

Fundamental Research, Product Developmet, Product Quality Control, Monitoring and Control of Pollutants, Assay and Medical and Clinical Studies

Question 49

The first steps in unravelling the details of an unknown system frequently involve the identification of its constituents by qualitative chemical analysis

Answer 49

Fundamental Research

Question 50

This aims to improve theories

Answer 50

Fundamental Research

Question 51

What will happen when quality control is not present?

Answer 51

Damaged products will be released

Question 52

What are the different steps in Analysis?

Answer 52

Identify the Problem, Choice of Method, Sampling, Prelimenary Sample Treatment, Separations, Final Measurement, Method Validation, Assessment of Results

Question 53

This is a vital step in the solution of an analytical problem

Answer 53

Choice of Method

Question 54

What is the first step for analysis?

Answer 54

Identify the Problem

Question 55

This is the cornerstone of reliable analysis

Answer 55

Correct Sampling

Question 56

What is an example of preliminary sample treatment

Answer 56

Masking

Question 57

This step is often the quickest and easiest of the seven but can only be as reliable as the preceding stages

Answer 57

Final Measurement

Question 58

Collection of all of the components in the sample containing an analyte

Answer 58

matrix or sample matrix

Question 59

Techniques or reactions that work for only one analyte

Answer 59

Specific

Question 60

techniques or reactions that apply to only a few analytes

Answer 60

Selective

Question 61

process of determining the proportionality between analyte concentration and a measured quantity

Answer 61

calibration

Question 62

Steps sa table ng analysis

Answer 62

Select method, Acquire sample, process sample, Measurable property eliminate interference, measure property, calculate result, estimate reliability of results

Question 63

3 methods of preliminary treatment

Answer 63

preparation of laboratory sample, replicate laboratory sample, prepare solutions for sample