Mod 1 Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Overview of organ system
A
Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism
2
Q
provides body structure & support
A
Skeletal System
3
Q
major organs of Skeletal System
A
Bones, cartilage
4
Q
creates new blood cells for circulation & stores lipids
A
Bone marrow
5
Q
allows for movement
A
Muscular System
6
Q
What is the major organ of Muscular System?
A
Skeletal Muscle
7
Q
ventilation system for body
A
Respiratory System
8
Q
takes oxygen & release carbon dioxide from blood
A
Respiratory System
9
Q
Major organs of Respiratory System
A
Lungs, Diaphragm, Trachea
10
Q
releases sweat, & heat from blood to help control body temp
A
Integumentary System
11
Q
protects body, transfer of heat; sensory respiration
A
Integumentary System
12
Q
Major organs of Integumentary System
A
Skin, nails
13
Q
circulates hormones around body to control body functions; maintains homeostasis
A
Endocrine System
14
Q
Major organs of Endocrine System
A
Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenals, Pancreas, Hypothalamus
15
Q
works to help maintain circulatory system as well as housing cells responsible for immunity
A
Lymphatic system
16
Q
Major organ/s of Lymphatic system
A
Lymph nodes
17
Q
breaks down macromolecules & absorbs necessary nutrients
A
Digestive System
18
Q
serves as multiple systems (but is considered a part of DS)
A
Liver
19
Q
Major organs of Digestive system
A
Stomach, Large intestine, Small intestine
20
Q
3 sections of the Small intestine
A
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
21
Q
filters waste from blood; maintains bodies internal nutrients balance
A
Excretory System
22
Q
transport substances throughout the body
A
Circulatory system
23
Q
rids of body wastes via urethra
A
Excretory System
24
Q
other name for Excretory System
A
Urinary/Renal System
25
Major organs for Excretory System
Kidney, Urethra, Bladder
26
circulates oxygen, co2 heat, water, nutrients, waste
Circulatory system
27
other name for Circulatory system
Cardiovascular system
28
Major organs of Circulatory system
Heart, Arteries, Veins
29
producing offspring, regulating sexual characteristics
Reproductive system
30
Major organs of Reproductive system
Testes, Uterus, Ovaries
31
facilitates gas exchange between cells & the environment
Respiratory system
32
Which structures are a part of Upper Respiratory System?
Nasal cavity & Pharynx
33
Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Brochioles, & Lungs (alveoli) comprise which part of RS?
Lower Respiratory System
34
Without oxygen to fuel cellular respiration, cells begin to die within minutes examples of this are?
Stroke, heart attack
35
expel carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration which could build up to toxic levels
Lungs
36
helps the process of digestion by releasing substances that assist the stomach & intestine in breaking down food & toxic substances in the blood
Liver
37
Process of how DS works
Mouth-Esophagus-Stomach-Intestines-Lower Gastrointestinal tract-Liver(?)
38
the body's entire blood volume take how long to circulate?
A minute
39
high speed expressway for distributing oxygen, nutrients, messages, and removing wastes
Cardiovascular/Circulatory System
40
central pump of the circulatory system, send blood throughout the body at very high speeds
Heart
41
pumps blood through a special circuit to send large amount of blood through the lungs quickly
Heart
42
the oxygen-delivery system that carry oxygenated blood through the body at high speeds & pressures
Arteries
43
have walls of smooth muscle which contract to help blood moving, even away from the heart
Arteries
44
If an _______ is injured, the body's whole blood volume can drain out through it very fast
Artery
45
the second type of blood vessel
Vein
46
the highway that runs in the opposite direction to the arteries
Veins
47
returns deoxygenated blood to the return blood to the heart
Veins
48
The blood in ______ moves a bit slower & at a lower pressures
Veins
49
tiny blood vessels which carry blood all throughout the tissues
Capillaries
50
ensure efficient delivery of the required substances to every cell
Capillaries
51
transports chemical messages, such as hormones around the body which allows adrenal glands to send messages that cause our body to prepare for fight or flight
Circulatory/Cardiovascular System
52
body's drainage system
Urinary/Excretory/Renal System
53
regulate the volume of fluid & electrocyte balance in the body, ensuring homeostasis is maintained
Urinary/Excretory/Renal System
54
waste liquid filtered out by kidneys is delivered and stored in?
Bladder
55
secrete chemical signals that allow body systems to respond to environmental changes & to one another
Endocrine System
56
Functions of Endocrine
-Fight or Flight Response
-Reproductive Signals
-Hungry & Full
57
Function of endocrine where in there is a threat in the environment; make body ready to either fight or flee from potential threat
Fight or flight response
58
The adrenalin gland secrets adrenaline & in response, the heart pumps blood faster, breathing deepens to take in more oxygen & nervous system sharpens perception & memory formation
Fight or flight response
59
Function of endocrine where in the body is ready to reproduce, the ovaries/testes send hormones that influence specific organs including brain
Reproductive signals
60
an example of this is menstrual cycle, the uterus prepares for pregnancy & if egg is not fertilized, the thicken endometrium will shed its blood, producing monthly cycle
Reproductive Signals
61
Function of endocrine where in the body is hungry, body releases hormones to tell the brain & other organs to look for food, & when body is full it tells body to stop eating
Hungry & full
62
hormones that tell brain & organ systems to look for food
Ghrelin
63
hormone that tell body to stop eating when full
Leptin
64
network of lymphatic vessels that drains excess tissue fluid (lymph) from intercellular fluid compartment
Lymphatic/Immune System
65
other name for Lymphatic System
Immune System
66
white blood cells of the immune system
Lymphocytes
67
functions to convey & eliminate toxins & waste from the body; recirculate proteins; defend body from microorganisms
Lymphatic System
68
a watery tissue fluid similar consistency to blood plasma
Lymph
69
found in the subcutaneous tissue alongside veins
Superficial lymphatic vessels
70
picks up excess fluid & transported through lymphatic plexuses into lymphatic vessels
lymphatic capillaries
71
What are the two division of Lymphatic system?
Primary lymphatic organs & Secondary lymphatic organs
72
produce lymphocytes & release them into lymphatic vessels
Primary lymphatic organs
73
organs in the Primary lymphatic organs are?
Thymus, Red bone marrow
74
Organs in the Secondary lymphatic organs
Lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, & spleen
75
masses of lymphocyte containing lymphoid tissues, attached to lymphoid vessels
Lymph nodes
76
function to filter cellular debris, foreign pathogens, excess tissue fluid, & leaked plasma proteins
Lymph nodes
77
consists of 206 bones (adults) that are connected by tendons, ligaments, & cartilage
Skeletal System
78
mechanical support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage & endocrine regulation
Skeletal system
79
What are the two divisions of Skeletal system
Axial skeleton & Appendicular skeleton
80
consists of bones of the head & trunk
Axial skeleton
81
consists of bones within the limbs & supporting pectoral & pelvic girdles
Appendicular skeleton
82
place at which bones are fitted together is called
Joint or articulation
83
supported by cartilages & reinforced with ligaments
Joints
84
series of bones that extends around the thoracic activity to protect the heart & lungs
Rib cage
85
series of interconnected bones that serve to encase & protect our brain from damage
Cranium
86
Therefore, our ______ also protects our most vital organs
Skeleton
87
How many muscles are there in the body
650
88
What is the largest bone in the body
Femur
89
Smallest bone in the body
Stapes
90
aids in movement, blood flow, & other bodily functions
Muscular system
91
What are the three types of muscle types
Smooth, cardiac, & skeletal muscle
92
A type of muscle that are found in within the wall of the blood vessels & hollow organs such as the stomach & intestine, involuntary
Smooth muscles
93
A type of muscle that is also known as myocadium, found in the heart & helps in pumping, involuntary
Cardiac muscle cells
94
type of muscle that is attached to the bones of the body
Skeletal muscle
95
Among the three types of muscles, this is the only one that is voluntary or controlled consciously & produces movement
Skeletal muscle
96
categorized as striated muscle, their muscles are arranged in a repetitive fashion giving striped appearance
Skeletal & cardiac muscles
97
non-striated muscle, muscles are not arranged in repetitive pattern (sarcomeres)
Smooth muscle
98
other name for Reproductive System
Genital System
99
Two different reproductive systems
Male system & female system
100
primarily concerned with producing sperm & finding mates
Male system
101
must prepare for pregnancy, childbirth, & baby care for reproduction to be successful
Female system
102
What are the parts of a male reproductive system which produces sperm
Penis, testes
103
What are the parts of a female reproductive system which produces eggs
Vagina, Uterus, ovaries
104
a particularly fascinating study in the way body systems work together to ensure survival
Female reproductive system
105
The major effects of the reproductive hormones are on the __________ themselves
Reproductive organs
106
must bring eggs for maturity & prepare uterine lining, rich in blood vessels, to nurture a possible embryo
Reproductive organs
107
As menstrual cycle progresses, ________ may alter the body temp, blood flow & even appetite & attraction to opposite sex, to ensure all right resources are in place at the right tine for reproduction to proceed
Hormones
108
Integumentary system is also known as
Exocrine System
109
set of organs that forms external covering of the body
Integumentary/Exocrine system
110
our body's first line of defense against pathogens, harmful substances, injuries
Skin
111
controls how much heat & water our body loses to environment, allowing us to sweat
Skin
112
a surprisingly complex material, scientists have not been able to reproduce artificially
Skin
113
dynamic tissue, maintained by nourishing circulatory system underneath
Skin
114
part of our skin's regulation system which is the tightening of the skin raises our fine hairs upright, trapping warm air close to our close
Goosebumps
115
three layers of the skin
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
116
a thick keratinized epithelium made of multiple cell layers
Epidermis
117
a layer of connective tissue that contains blood vessels & nerves that supply the skin
Dermis
118
consists of fat, connective tissue & skin appendages (hair, nails, sebaceous & sweat glands)
Hypodermis (underlying fascia)
119
excretes waste, contains sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, & temp & provides for vitamin D synthesis
Integumentary/Exocrine System
120
controls how we interact & respond to our environment, by controlling the function of the organs in our body system
Nervous System
121
allows us to perceive & respond to the world around us, including emotions & personality
Nervous System
122
organs of the Nervous System
Brain, spinal chord, sensory organs
123
act to transmit neural signals around the body
Neurons
124
What are the two divisions of Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
125
Functionally, Two parts of Nervous System
Somatic (SNS) or Voluntary Nervous System & Autonomic (ANS) or Involuntary Nervous System
126
control center that receives data, analyzes it, & commands the body to respond
Brain
127
highly specialized cells which transmit signals extremely rapidly by firing electrochemical potentials
Neurons
128
How many percent of calories we eat are used by neurons to allow us to perceive, feel, think & respond
25% of calories
