Mod 1- ID Flashcards
(31 cards)
Penicillins- MOA, AE/BB Warnings, Drug Interactions
MOA: Disruption of bacterial cell wall synthesis; AE: GI upset; Most common drug allergy; Can cause a rash mistaken for allergy
Penicillins Class, indications and susceptibility and counter drugs
Beta-lactam ABX;
Indications: strep, otitis media, syphillis, Bacterial Rhinosinusitis
susceptible to beta-lactamase; countered by adding tazobactam, sulbactam, and clavulonic acid (augmentin)
Cephalosporins: MOA, AE/BB Warnings, Drug interactions
MOA: disruption of cell wall synthesis; AE: GI upset; slight chance of penicillin cross allergy; beta-lactam abx; can increase INR, caution for warfarin interaction
Cephalosporins: Examples and indications
Cefazolin, Cefepime, Ceftriaxone; Indications: CAP, meningitis, STIs, pyelonephritis
Carbapenems: Examples; Indications; MOA; Administration
Imipenem; Meropenem
MOA:disruptions of cell wall synthesis; beta-lactam ABX but not susceptible to beta-lactamase; Indications: systemic infections; only parenteral administration
Vancomycin: Indications; MOA; SE; BB Warning
MRSA; C-diff
Disruption of cell wall
Rapid administration can cause flushing, rash, tachycardia and hypotension
BB: Not to be used when pregnant
Aztreonam: MOA; Indications; Administration
Disruption of cell wall synthesis
Indicated for severe infections; inhaled for cystic fibrosis
Available in IV or inhalation
Tetracyclines: Examples; MOA; Indications; SE/AE; Education
Tetracycline; Doxycycline
MOA: inhibit protein synthesis, suppressing bacterial growth
Indications: Acne vulgaris; chlamydia; cholera
SE/AE: discoloration of teeth- not to be used in children under 12, or during pregnancy; increased sensitivity to UV light
Education: take on empty stomach
Macrolides: Examples; MOA; Indications
Azithromycin
MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis
Indications: Pertussis, diptheria, COPD exacerbation; common alternative if allergic to penicillin
Azithromycin given in loading dose followed by maintenance dose (z-pak)
Oxazolidinones: Examaple; MOA; Indications; SE/AE
Linezolid
Inhibit protein synthesis
Indications: MRSA, VRE- commonly given for resistant infections
SE/AE: H/a, risk for serotonin syndrome
Aminoglycosides: Examples; MOA; Indications; AE/SE; BB Warnings
Gentamicin; Tobramycin
MOA: disrupt protein synthesis
Indications: Severe gram negative infections- pseuomonas, staphylococcus, serratia
BB Warning: ototoxic, nephrotoxic; do not use after anesthesia or muscle relaxant due to paralysis risk; contraindicated during pregnancy
Fluroquinolones: Examples; MOA, Indications; BB Warning
Ciprofloxacin; Levofloxacin
MOA: interferes with DNA
Indications: Plague, anthrax, UTI, HAP
BB Warning: tendon rupture and tendinitis- rarely a first choice- avoided in children
Sulfonamide: Examples, MOA, Indications/contraindications
Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
MOA: inhibits folate synthesis
Indications: UTI, GI infections; Pneumocystis Pneumonia- fungal pneumonia
Contraindicated in pregnancy
Nitrofuratoin (Macrobid): MOA, indication: SE/AE; education
MOA: Damages bacteria DNA
Indication: lower UTI
First line for UTI
Not used for upper UT/pyelonephritis
SE/AE: hepatotoxicity
Education: can change bodily fluids to red-orange
Rifampin: MOA; indications; SE/AE
MOA: suppresses RNA synthesis
Indications: Prevention and treatment of TB and meningocccal prophylaxis
Off label: endocarditis and leprosy
AE: Hepatotoxic
Can change body fluid to red-orange
Isoniazid (INH): MOA, Indications; SE/AE; BB Warning
MOA: inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid
Prevention and treatment of TB
SE/AE: hepatotoxic; peripheral neuropathy
BB: hepatotoxic
TB treatment:
Rifampin and Isoniazid with pyrazinamide and ethambutol
Fluconazole (diflucan): MOA, Indication, SE/AE
MOA: interferes with fungal activity
Candidiasis and other fungal infections
SE/AE: cardiac effects and hepatotoxicity
Ketoconazole and miconazole are OTC meds in this class
Amphotericin B: MOA, Indications; SE/AE; BB Warning
MOA: causes cell membrane permeability leading to lost cell contents and death
Indications: Severe systemic fungal infections
SE/AE: nephrotoxic and hematologic effects- infusion reaction with fever, chills, nausea, and headache
BB: only for severe fungal infections
Antivirals: examples, MOA; indications
Acyclovir; valacyclovir
MOA: suppresses synthesis of viral DNA
Indications: HSV and VZV
Most effective within 72 hours
Does not cure HSV; recurrence is likely
Considered safe during pregnancy
Oseltamivir (tamiflu)
MOA: inhibits and influenza enzyme
Influenza
Most effective within 48 hours of symptom onset
Interferons
Interferon Alfa-2b; interferon alfa-2a
MOA: interferes with viral replication
Indications: hepatitis B virus and certain cancers
SE?AE: flu like symptoms
BB: can cause or exacerbate other conditions
Parenterally only
Interferon B is used for MS
Tenofovir
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Suppresses replication of viral DNA
Indication: HIV and HBV
SE/AE: lactic acidosis and hepatomegaly
Efavirenz
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTIs)
MOA: suppress replication of viral DNA
Indication: HIV
SE/AE: SJS/TEN; hepatotoxicty
Teratogenic
