Mod 1- Key Terms Flashcards
(33 cards)
What do “courts” refer to?
The terms courts refers to ajudicatory or fact-finding bodies where criminal cases are prosecuted & determinations of guilt are rendered
What does the term “corrections” refer to?
Corrections refers to the component of the criminal justice system that is responsible for the administration of a sentence handed down by a judge- including the management, supervision & treatment of offenders in the community & correctional facilities
What does the term justice refer to?
Justice refers to ideals of fairness & objectivity
What does the term criminal justice refer to?
Criminal justice refers criminal law & procedures; includes both substantive & procedural justice
What does the term substantive justice refer to?
Substantive justice (or true justice) refers to the accuracy of a decision or outcome
What does the term procedural justice refer to?
Procedural justice refers to the fairness of the procedures used in the justice system to arrive at these decisions
What does an adversarial system refer to?
An adversarial system refers to a two-sided structure in which advocates from both parties (prosecution & defence) argue their cases to an impartial or neutral judge to determine the verdict
What does an inquisitorial system of justice refer to?
An inquisitorial system of justice refers to a more collaborative effort to arrive at the truth through an investigation of all available evidence by a judge or panel of judges
What is meant by the term social justice?
Social justice refers to a broader view of justice that places the ideal of justice within a larger cultural, economical & political context
What does the Crime Control Model refer to?
The crime control model refers to an assembly line model that emphasizes the early stages of the justice system through the efficient arrest & conviction of criminal offenders
What does the Due Process Model refer to?
The due process model refers to an obstacle course model of justice that emphasizes the due process rights of individuals
What does the rule of law refer to?
The rule of law refers to the belief that it is the law itself that is supreme & all government officials & individuals must abide by the law
What does the law of nature refer to?
The law of nature refers an abstract limitation on the powers of the government; all individuals are born with certain inalienable rights which cannot be stemmed or violated by any state-created laws
What does the term constitution refer to?
A constitution refers to the supreme law of a nation or state & sets out the blueprint for how a ruling government will be organized
What does the Westminister Model refer to?
The Westminister Model is where parliament, or elected officials & the tradition of the rule of the law are trusted to limit the powers of government & protect the rights of individuals
What does the term federalism refer to?
Federalism refers to a system of government in which power is distributed among a central or federal level of government & smaller regional governments
What does the Reasonable Limits Clause refer to?
The reasonable limits clause states that our rights & freedoms are guaranteed subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free & democratic society
What is meant by the proportionate effect?
The proportionate effect involves an examination of the overall benefits achieved by a law or government practice relative to the harms experienced by individuals as a result of the limitation
A system of justice that is based on two opposing sides, the prosecution & the defence, arguing the guilt or innocence of a person before a judge or jury is known as what?
The adversarial system of justice
The broken windows approach refers to what?
The broken window approach refers to the view that if minor crimes are left unaddressed in an environment, more serious crimes will emerge
Law that is based on custom, tradition, & practice and is generally unwritten is known as what?
Common law
Sentences that are amalgamated & served simultaneously are known as what?
Concurrent sentences
A sentence imposed on an offended who would otherwise be incarcerated for a period of less than two years but whose risk is determined to be manageable in the community is referring to what?
Conditional sentence
A philosophy of policing centred on police, community partnerships & problem-solving is known as what?
Community policing
