MOD 1: LESSONS 1-2 Flashcards by CHESKA CIANNELLE FRANCISCO

Is the study of the STRUCTURE AND RELATIONSHIP between body parts.

ANATOMY

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Is the study of the FUNCTION of body parts and the body as a whole.

PHYSIOLOGY

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It is the functional changes ASSOCIATED with
or RESULTING from DISEASE or INJURY

PATHO-PHYSIOLOGY

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LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY

Atom
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

Ah May Cellphone Tayo para sa Org Orgys Orga

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TRANSPORTS OXYGEN, nutrients, and other substances to the cells and transports wastes, carbon dioxide, and other substances away from the cells; it can also help stabilize body temperature and pH

CARDIOVASCULAR

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Heart, blood, and blood vessels

CARDIOVASCULAR

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Organs, tissues, and structures involved in CARDIOVASCULAR

Heart, blood, and blood vessels

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DEFENDS against infection and disease and transfers lymph between tissues and the blood stream

LYMPHATIC

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Lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels

LYMPHATIC

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Organs, tissues, and structures involved
in LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels

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Processes foods and absorbs nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, exocrine pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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Provides COMMUNICATION within the body via hormones and directs LONG-TERM CHANGE in other organ systems to maintain HOMEOSTASIS

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroids, endocrine, pancreas, adrenals, testes, and ovaries.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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Provides PROTECTION FROM INJURY and fluid loss and provides PHYSICAL DEFENSE against infection by microorganisms; involved in TEMPERATURE CONTROL

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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Skin, hair, and nails

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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Provides movement, support, and heat production

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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Collects, transfers, and processes INFORMATION and directs SHORT-TERM CHANGE in other organ systems

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs—eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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Produces GAMETES—sex cells—and sex hormones; ultimately produces offspring

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, ovaries, mammary glands (female), testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis (male)

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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Delivers AIR to sites where GAS EXCHANGE can occur

RESPIRATORY

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Mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm

RESPIRATORY

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SUPPORTS AND PROTECTS SOFT TISSUES of the body; provides MOVEMENT AT JOINTS; produces blood cells; and stores minerals

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Bones, cartilage, joints, tendons, and ligaments

SKELETAL SYSTEM

REMOVES EXCESS WATER, salts, and waste products from the blood and body and CONTROLS pH

URINARY SYSTEM

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

URINARY SYSTEM

Defends against microbial pathogens---disease-causing agents—and other diseases

IMMUNE SYSTEM

Leukocytes, tonsils, adenoids, thymus, and spleen

IMMUNE SYSTEM

structures that emerge from the time of the FERTILIZED EGG through the EIGHTH WEEK in utero

EMBRYOLOGY

structures that emerge from the time of the FERTILIZED EGG to the ADULT FORM.

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

microscopic structure of tissues

HISTOLOGY

hist-- means

TISSUE

structures that can be examined WITHOUT using a microscope

GROSS ANATOMY

structure of SPECIFIC SYSTEMS of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems

SYSTEMIC ANATOMY

SPECIFIC REGIONS of the body such as the head or chest

REGIONAL ANATOMY

body structures that can be visualized with X RAYS

RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY

STRUCTURAL CHANGES (from gross to microscopic) associated with disease

PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY

functional properties of NERVE CELLS

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

HORMONES (chemical regulators in the blood) and how they control body functions.

ENDOCRINOLOGY

path-- means

DISEASE

neuro-- means

NERVE

endo-- means

WITHIN

crin-- means

SECRETION

functions of the HEART and BLOOD VESSEL

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY

cardi-- means

HEART

vascular-- means

BLOOD VESSELS

how the body DEFENDS ITSELF against disease-causing agents

IMMUNOLOGY

immun-- means

NOT SUSCEPTIBLE

functions of the AIR PASSAGEWAYS and LUNGS

RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

respira-- means

TO BREATHE

function of the KIDNEYS

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

CHANGES in cell and organ functions as a result of MUSCULAR ACTIVITY

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

functional changes associated with DISEASE AND AGING

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

energy from chemical reactions

METABOLISM

stable inner conditions

HOMEOSTASIS

A characteristic of all living systems or the maintenance of stable, INTERNAL CONDITIONS within specific limits

HOMEOSTASIS

is a type of regulation in biological systems in which the END PRODUCT of a process in turn REDUCES THE STIMULUS of that same process.

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

A feedback mechanism resulting in the AMPLIFICATION or growth of the output signal

POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

a form of OPPOSITE of the Endomorph

ECTOMORPH

Physically, they tend to have: * Narrow shoulders and hips. * A thin and narrow face, with a high forehead. * A thin and narrow chest and abdomen. * VERY LITTLE BODY FAT. * Thin legs and arms BASTA PAYAT TOH

ECTOMORPH

somewhere between the round endomorph and the thin ectomorph

MESOMORPH

Physically, they have the more 'desirable' body, and have: * Large head, broad shoulders, and narrow waist (wedge-shaped). * Muscular body, with strong forearms and thighs * Very little body fat * Genetically gifted; greatest bodybuilding potential. * Long torso, full chest, good shoulder to waist ratio MASKULADO EYYY

MESOMORPH

is physically quite ‘round’, and is typified as the ‘BARREL OF FUN’ person

ENDOMORPH

They tend to have: * Wide hips and narrow shoulders, which makes them rather pear-shaped. * Quite a lot of fat spread across the body, including upper arms and thighs. * They have quite slim ankles and wrists, which only serves to accentuate the fatter other parts. * Wide bone structure. * Slower metabolism. * Weight gain is easy, though fat loss is difficult. * Tends to store fat, which hides muscle gains. MALAPAD YAN SHA

ENDOMORPH

It refers to organisms CAPABLE OF CASUING DISEASE in its host.

PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS

A new, often UNCONTROLLED GROWTH of abnormal tissue; tumor.

NEOPLASM

Is the result of a CONTINUOUS PROCESS based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time. Sometimes the main or partial cause behind such diseases is GENETIC.

DEGENERATIVE

A ______ can happen when ABNORMAL CHEMICAL REACTIONS in the body alter the normal metabolic process. It can also be defined as INHERITED SINGLE GENE ANOMALY, most of which are autosomal recessive.

METABOLIC DISEASE

It is caused by ingestion of a poison

TOXIC DISEASE

It originate in the MIND, having an EMOTIONAL OR PSYCHOLOGIC origin in relation to a symptoms.

PSYCHOGENIC DISEASE

it is caused by physical injury

TRAUMATIC DISEASE

it results when an individual's DIET is INADEQUATE in terms of the amount or type of proteins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals or water

NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY

it result from the ACTIVITY OR TREATMENTS OF PHYSICIANS or other health-care providers

IATROGENIC DISEASE

it refers to disorders whose CAUSES ARE YET UNKNOWN

IDIOPATHIC DISEASE

present at birth

CONGENITAL DISEASE

it results from EXCESSIVE or INADEQUATE levels of HORMONE PRODUCTION

ENDOCRINE DISEASE

Examination with the HANDS, feeling for organs, masses, or infiltration of a part of the body, feeling the heart or pulse beat, or vibrations in the chest.

PALPATIONS

It is listening to the INTERNAL SOUNDS of the body, usually using a stethoscope.

AUSCULTATIONS

The act or technique of TAPPING THE SURFACE OF A BODY part to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the resulting sound

PERCUSSION

It incorporates an assessment of the function and interplay of both SENSORY AND MOTOR PATHWAYS. It is SIMPLE YET INFORMATIVE and can give important insights into the integrity of the nervous system at many different levels.

REFLEX TESTING

the study of the essential NATURE OF DISEASES and especially of the structural and functional changes produced by them.

PATHOLOGY

is a medical specialty that is concerned with the DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASE based on the LABORATORY ANALYSIS of bodily fluids such as blood and urine, as well as tissues, using the tools of chemistry, clinical microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology.

ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY

It is the CAUSE OF A DISEASE or the science that deals with such causes.

ETIOLOGY

An ABNORMAL CONDITION OF AN ORGANISM which INTERRUPTS THE NORMAL BODILY FUNCTIONS that often leads to feeling of pain and weakness, and usually associated with symptoms and signs.

DISEASE

The SEQUENCE OF EVENTS that leads from cause, to structural and functional abnormalities and finally to manifestation of disease.

PATHOGENESIS

Any OBJECTIVE evidence of disease.

SIGN

A SUBJECTIVE evidence of disease

SYMPTOMS

An AFTER-EFFECT of a disease, condition, or injury.

SEQUELA

It connotes an illness that is of short duration, rapidly progressive, and IN NEED OF URGENT CARE

ACUTE DISEASE

It is one that lasts 3 months or more.

CHRONIC DISEASE

A branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and CONTROL OF DISEASE in a population.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

NATIVE to or limited to a certain region

ENDEMIC

The OCCURRENCE OF MORE CASES of a disease than would be expected in a community or region during a given time period

EPIDEMIC

A disease which occurs in SINGLE AND SCATTERED cases.

SPORADIC

An OUTBREAK of a disease that occurs over a WIDE GEOGRAPHIC AREA and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population.

PANDEMIC

The GRADUAL RECOVERY of health and strength after illness or injury.

CONVALESCENCE

A PREDICTION of the course of a disease following its onset. It refers to the POSSIBLE OUTCOMES of a disease and the FREQUENCY with which they can be expected to occur

PROGNOSIS

It refers to having a disease or a symptom of disease, or to the amount of disease within a population. It also refers to MEDICAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY A TREATMENT.

MORBIDITY

The NUMBER OF DEATHS in a given area or period, or from a particular cause.

MORTALITY

A POSTMORTEM EXAMINATION to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease.

AUTOPSY