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BIO 205: Microbiology > Mod 1: The Background of Microbiology > Flashcards

Mod 1: The Background of Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Immune mechanisms that “learn” to deal with specific invaders.

A

Adaptive Immune Response

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2
Q

A transmission mechanism in which the infectious agent is spread as an aerosol and usually enters a person through the respiratory tract.

A

Airborne Transmission

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3
Q

A substance produced by a B lymphocyte in response to a unique antigen, which it can then combine with to destroy or control it.

A

Antibodies

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4
Q

A group of immunocompetent cells that mediate cellular immune response by engulfing, processing, and presenting antigens to the T-cell receptor. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include macrophages, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, and B lymphocytes.

A

Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs)

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5
Q

A type of lymphocyte, developed in bone marrow, that circulates in the blood and lymph and, upon encountering a particular foreign antigen, differentiates into a clone of plasma cells that secrete antibody and a clone of memory cells that make the antibody on subsequent encounters.

A

B Cells

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6
Q

A vector that is essential in the life cycle of a pathogenic organism.

A

Biological Vector

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7
Q

A sheath or continuous enclosure around an organ or structure.

A

Capsule

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8
Q

A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer that separates the interior of cells from the outside environment and controls movement into and out of the cell.

A

Cell Membrane

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9
Q

A linear strand made of DNA that carries genetic information (genes).

A

Chromosomes

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10
Q

Threadlike projections from the free surface of certain epithelial cells used to propel or sweep materials across a surface.

A

Cilia

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11
Q

The mode of transportation of infectious pathogens from a source that is common to all the cases of a specific disease, by means of a vehicle such as water, food, air, or the blood supply.

A

Common Vehicle Transmission

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12
Q

Occurs when microorganisms are transferred from one infected person to another.

A

Contact Transmission

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13
Q

A gel-like matrix contained within the cell membrane that holds all of the cell’s internal substructures.

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

Organelle that consists of a network of channels that transport materials within the cell.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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15
Q

A lipopolysaccharide that is part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria released after the cell’s death.

A

Endotoxins

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16
Q

Organisms in which the cell nucleus is surrounded by a membrane.

A

Eukaryotes

17
Q

A poisonous substance produced by certain bacteria.

A

Exotoxins

18
Q

Threadlike structures that provide motility for certain bacteria and protozoa and for spermazoa

A

Flagella

19
Q

Object that may harbor microorganisms and is capable of transmitting them.

A

Fomite

20
Q

Stacks of membrane-bound structures that package proteins inside the cell before they are sent to their destination; important in the processing of proteins for secretion.

A

Golgi Apparatus

21
Q

Immunity associated with circulating antibodies.

A

Humoral Immune Response

22
Q

A disease caused by microorganisms, especially those that release toxins or invade body tissues.

A

Infection

23
Q

The ability to protect one’s self from pathogens, the immunity you have when you are born.

A

Innate Immune Response

24
Q

A substance or microorganism introduced by inoculation

A

Inoculum

25
Q

Cell organelles containing hydrolytic enzyme capsules used to break down proteins and carbohydrates to aid in intracellular digestion.

A

Lysosome

26
Q

A monocyte that has left the circulation and settled and matured in a tissue such as the spleen, lymph nodes, alveoli, and tonsils.

A

Macrophage

27
Q

A vector that simply conveys pathogens to a susceptible individual and is not essential to the development of the organism.

A

Mechanical Vector

28
Q

The scientific study of microorganisms, that is, of bacteria, fungi, intracellular parasites, protozoans, viruses, and some worms.

A

Microbiology

29
Q

Cell organelles of rod or oval shape that contain the enzymes for the aerobic stages of cell respiration and are the site of most ATP synthesis.

A

Mitochondira

30
Q

Type of cell division of somatic cells in which each daughter cell contains the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

A

Mitosis

31
Q

A mononuclear phagocytic white blood cell derived from myeloid stem cells that circulate in the bloodstream and act as the first line of defense in the inflammatory process.

A

Monocytes

32
Q

The system of fixed macrophages and circulating monocytes that serve as phagocytes, engulfing foreign substances in a wide variety of immune responses.

A

Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS)

33
Q

Linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion.

A

Mucous Membranes

BIO 205: Microbiology (5 decks)

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