Mod 1 (The Role of the Nurse in Pharmacotherapy)

Question 1

the study of biological effects of chemicals.

Answer 1

Pharmacology

Question 2

chemicals that are introduced into the body to cause some sort of
change.

Answer 2

Drugs

Question 3

the branch of

pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent and diagnose disease.

Answer 3

pharmacotherapeutics

Question 4

Role of Doctor
P-
I-
A-

Answer 4

P- Prescribe
I- Identify treatment
A- Administer

Question 5

Role of Nurse:
M-
A-
J-
A-

Answer 5

M- Monitor effects
A- Assess safety
J- Judge Response
A- Administer

Question 6

Role of Pharmacist:
J-
O-
D-
I-

Answer 6

J- Judge Response
O- Order implementation
D- Dispense
I- Information Provider

Question 7

There are 5 stages of the medication process:

Answer 7

a) ordering/prescribing,
(b) transcribing and verifying,
(c) dispensing and delivering,
(d) administering, and
(e) monitoring and reporting

Question 8

nursing responsibilities

Answer 8

o Administering drugs
o Assessing drug effects
o Intervening to make the drug regimen more tolerable
o Providing patient teaching about drugs and drug regimens
o Monitoring the overall patient care plan to prevent medication errors

Question 9

These are transport Mechanisms of Drugs Across Plasma Membranes

Answer 9

a. Pathways

b. Mechanisms of Transport

Question 10

Pathways of drug transport

Answer 10

1. Direct Penetration
2. Protein channels
3. Carrier proteins

Question 11

What are the mechanisms of Transport

Answer 11

1. Passive diffusion
2. Facilitated diffusion
3. Active transport

Question 12

3 PHASES OF DRUG ACTION

Answer 12

1. Pharmaceutic Phase
2. Pharmacokinetic Phase
3. Pharmacodynamics Phase

Question 13

Phase where drug is administered enterally

• —-Disintegration
• —Dissolution

Answer 13

Pharmaceutic Phase

Question 14

the tablet is broken down into smaller

particles

Answer 14

Disintegration

Question 15

dissolves the smaller particles in the GI fluid before absorption

Answer 15

Dissolution

Question 16

drugs that resist disintegration

Answer 16

Enteric-coated

Question 17

Processes of Pharmacokinetics

Answer 17

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 18

the process that occurs from the time a drug enters the body to the time it enters the blood stream to be circulated.

Answer 18

Absorption

Question 19

WHAT ARE THESE?
A. Absorption that occurs mostly by diffusion
B. Absorption that requires a carrier (i.e., an enzyme or protein) to move
drugs across a concentration gradient
C. Absorption that cells carry drugs across their membranes by engulfing the drug particles (cell drinking)

Answer 19

a. Passive absorption
b. Active absorption
c. Pinocytosis

Question 20

Factors that can affect drug absorption include:

Answer 20

a. Lipid solubility
b. Ionization
c. Molecular and particle size
d. Physical form
e. Area of absorptive surface
f. Vascularity
g. Presence of other substances
h. GI mobility
i. Functional integrity of absorptive surface
j. Diseases
k. Bioavailability
- —–read furthermore in the module

Question 21

Methods of delaying absorption:

Answer 21

1. Vasoconstrictors
2. Formulation- Transdermal route, oily preparations, slow-releasing- (SR)
   preparations.

Question 22

Methods of enhancing absorption:

Answer 22

1. Formulation- SL drugs are rapidly absorbed. Aspirin is rapidly absorbed when
   dissolved in water
2. Massage

Question 23

the movement of a drug to the body’s tissues.

Answer 23

Distribution

Question 24

Most drugs are bound to _____ in the blood to be carried in the circulation

Answer 24

Protein

— Protein binding

Question 25

drugs that are lipid soluble can pass through this barrier while drugs that are not lipid soluble are not able to pass

Answer 25

Blood-brain barrier

Question 26

Some drugs, following drug absorption, pass from the | intestinal lumen to the liver via the portal vein.

Answer 26

Metabolisms (Metabolism)

Question 27

a large portion of the oral drug is destroyed at this point and never reaches the tissues

Answer 27

first-pass effect.

Question 28

these are intracellular structures of the hepatic cells that are lined with enzymes

Answer 28

Hepatic microsomal system

Question 29

involves the presence of a chemical that Is metabolized by a particular enzyme system often increases the activity of that enzyme system.

Answer 29

Enzyme induction

Question 30

Phases of Enzyme induction

Answer 30

PHASE I - Involves the oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis of the drug via cytochrome p450 system of enzymes PHASE II - involves conjugation reaction that makes the drug more polar and more readily excreted by the kidneys.

Question 31

This is the reason why some drugs cannot be taken together. Some drugs may speed up the metabolism of another while some drugs may inhibit the enzyme system of another drug

Answer 31

Enzyme induction

Question 32

the removal of the drug from the body through the skin, saliva, lungs, bile and feces.

Answer 32

Excretion

Question 33

primary site of excretion for drugs that were made water-soluble by the liver

Answer 33

Renal excretion

Question 34

Excretion is dependent on the ___ of the filtrate in the renal tubule

Answer 34

pH

Question 35

for drugs delivered by gaseous or volatile liquid form, drugs are excreted in their unmetabolized form.

Answer 35

Pulmonary excretion

Question 36

Water soluble drugs can be secreted through the saliva, sweat or breast milk.

Answer 36

Glandular secretion

Question 37

Certain oral drugs travel through the GI tract without being absorbed and are excreted in the feces

Answer 37

Fecal and biliary excretion

Question 38

branch in pharmacology concerned with the effects of | drugs and their mechanism of action

Answer 38

Pharmacodynamics

Question 39

broad categories of drugs based on therapeutic | intent

Answer 39

Therapeutic classifications

Question 40

groups drugs based on their mechanism of | action

Answer 40

Pharmacologic classifications

Question 41

The time it takes a drug to reach the minimum effective concentration after the drug is administered.

Answer 41

Onset

Question 42

Occurs when a drug reaches its highest blood or plasma | concentration

Answer 42

Peak levels

Question 43

the length of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect

Answer 43

Duration of drug action

Question 44

A higher dose than the usual dose for treatment to reach the critical concentration. This is given since some drugs take a prolonged period to reach critical concentration when their effects are needed quickly.

Answer 44

Loading dose

Question 45

maintains the desired steady-state drug concentration. It is a small fixed dose

Answer 45

Maintenance dose

Question 46

the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one half of the peak level it previously achieved.

Answer 46

Half-life

Question 47

describes a drug’s margin of safety. Based on the ratio of a drug’s median lethal dose to its median effective dose

Answer 47

Therapeutic Index ----- Median lethal dose- dose required to be lethal to 50% Median effective dose- the dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients.

Question 48

PHASES of Dose-response Relationship

Answer 48

Phase 1- lowest dose, flatness, target cells affected Phase 2- rising straight line, linear relationship Phase 3- plateau, all target receptor has been occupied

Question 49

Durgs interact w/ receptors in reversible manner - activation and inactivation - permeability changes of cell membrane - modification of synthesis release

Answer 49

Receptor Theory

Question 50

strength of a drug at a specified concentration or dose.

Answer 50

Potency

Question 51

the greatest maximal response that can be produced from a | particular drug

Answer 51

Efficacy

Question 52

The study of genetic variations that result in interindividual differences in drug response

Answer 52

Pharmacogenetics

Question 53

As members of health team, nurses shall collaborate with other health care providers for the curative, preventive and rehabilitative aspects of cares, restoration of health, alleviation of suffering, and when recovery is not possible, towards a peaceful death.

Answer 53

R.A. 9173 Philippine Nursing Act of 2002

Question 54

This Act aims to protect and promote the right to health of the Filipino people and to establish and maintain an effective health products regulatory system.

Answer 54

R.A. 9711 Food and Drug Administration Act of 2009

Question 55

Standard which safeguards the consumer by providing accurate information on the drug products sold in the market Generic labeling requirements of drug products

Answer 55

``` A.O. 2016-008 Revised Rules and regulations governing generic labeling requirements of Drug products for Human Use ```

Question 56

Safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being of its citizenry from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being

Answer 56

R.A. 6675 | Generics Act of 1988

Question 57

An act to ensure the safety and purity of foods, drugs, and cosmetics being made available to the public by creating the FDA

Answer 57

R.A. 3720 Food, Drugs and Cosmetics Act

Question 58

An act creating the Philippine institute of traditional and alternative health care (PITAHC) to accelerate the development of traditional and alternative health care in the Philippines

Answer 58

R.A. 8423 Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997

Question 59

To provide guidelines for the implementation of at least 20% discount and VAT exemption in all medical, and health-related services for PWDs.

Answer 59

A.O. 2017-0008 Implementing Guidelines of RA 10754

Question 60

Art. 7 Sec 1. MEDICINE AND DRUG | PURCHASES - The 20% discount and VAT

Answer 60

R.A. 9994 Expanded Seniors Citizen Act of 2010

Question 61

Rights of Patients as appropriate to medication administration

Answer 61

Right to appropriate Medical Care and Humane treatment Right to Information Right to self-determination

Question 62

READ ON DRUG LABELLING AND DRUG INFORMATION

Answer 62

EXPLAIN PART