Mod 10 study guide

Question 1

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 1

makes decisions, takes in info, and orders body’s tissues

Question 2

What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) do?

Answer 2

transmits central nervous system(CNS) to other body parts

Question 3

what does the central brain do?

Answer 3

makes decisions for the body

Question 4

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 4

controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands

Question 5

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 5

conserves energy and calms the body

Question 6

what is used in these:

a) reading a book
b) participating in practice after school
c) eating dinner
d) turning a page
e) taking a big test
f) laying down relaxing

Answer 6

a) peripheral
b) central nervous system
c) autonomic
d) somatic
e) sympathetic
f) parasympathetic

Question 7

what is effected when the SYMPATHETIC nervous system is stimulated?

Answer 7

-dilated pupils(pupil of eye)
-heartbeat accelerates(heart)
-inhibits digestion(stomach)
-glucose is released by the liver(liver)
-no effect(gallbladder)
stimulates secretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine(adrenal glands)
-relaxed (bladder)
-stimulates ejaculation in male(sex organs)

Question 8

What is effected when the PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system is stimulated?

Answer 8

• pupils contract
• heart slows
• digestion in stomach is stimulated
• no effect on liver
• gallbladder stimulated
• no effect on adrenal glands
• bladder contracts
• sex organs allow blood flow

Question 9

what are the 3 types of neurons used to carry reflex information to and from spinal cord?

Answer 9

parasympathetic-spinal cord’s internal communications

sympathetic-sends reflex info in from the body’s tissues and sense receptors

autonomic-sends reflex info out to the body’s muscles and glands

Question 10

in what ways do the endocrine and nervous system act similar? and how do they differ?

Answer 10

both are communication networks that send off messages, but the endocrine system controls messages and hormones. The nervous system controls nerves and impulses in the body.

Question 11

how does the endocrine system’s release of hormones influence us?

Answer 11

when released, the hormones travel through the blood stream and affect other tissues, including the brain. When hormones act on the brain, they influence our interest.

Question 12

hypothalamus

Answer 12

brain region controlling pituitary gland

Question 13

ovary

Answer 13

secretes female hormones

Question 14

adrenal glands

Answer 14

helps trigger “fight or flight” response

Question 15

pituitary gland

Answer 15

releases growth hormone, oxytocin, and other hormones

Question 16

thyroid gland

Answer 16

affects metabolism

Question 17

testis

Answer 17

secrets male hormones

Question 18

pancreas

Answer 18

regulates the level of sugar in the blood

Question 19

parathyroid

Answer 19

regulates the level of calcium in the blood

Question 20

why is the pituitary gland referred to as the master gland?

Answer 20

pituitary secretions directs other endocrine glands to release their hormones

Question 21

What is the nervous system?

Answer 21

a communication network

• takes in info from body’s tissues
• makes decisions
• sends info back to muscles/body
• orders body’s tissues

Question 22

Nervous system steps

Answer 22

*Nervous system=peripheral and CNS

*peripheral=autonomic(controls organs/glands)
autonomic=sympathetic(arouses) & parasympathetic(calms)

*CNS=somatic
somatic=sensory input
somatic-motor output(controls skeletal muscles)

Question 23

peripheral nervous system does what?

Answer 23

• gathers info for transmitting

- CNS sends directions to other body parts

Question 24

what do the nerves do?

Answer 24

• formed by bundles of axons

- link CNS with sensory receptors, muscles, glands

Question 25

what are 3 types of neurons

Answer 25

- sensory neurons(sends messages from body's tissues & sensory receptors INWARD) - motor neuron(sends instructions from cns OUTWARD to muscles and glands - Interneurons(processes info

Question 26

Somatic

Answer 26

muscle movement

Question 27

automatic

Answer 27

glands and internal organs

Question 28

sympathetic

Answer 28

arouses you(USES energy)

Question 29

parasympathetic

Answer 29

calms you(SAVES energy)

Question 30

what is a spinal cord?

Answer 30

a 2 way info travel system that connects peripheral system to brain

Question 31

increasing neural fibers does what?

Answer 31

sends up sensory info

Question 32

decreasing neural fibers does what?

Answer 32

sends back motor-control info

Question 33

what are reflexes?

Answer 33

automatic response to stimuli

Question 34

what is a simple reflex pathway?

Answer 34

- 1 sensory, 1 motor(connected by interneuron) - brain not involved ex: touch flame=neural activity>sensory neuron>interneurons(in spinal cord)>activate motor neuron>muscle jerks out response

Question 35

what is a endocrine system?

Answer 35

- in blood stream - affects other tissues(brain also) - glands of this system secrete hormones(influence sex,food,agression)

Question 36

how are the endocrine and CNS similar?

Answer 36

produce molecules,which act on receptors elsewhere

Question 37

the somatic nervous system requires what?

Answer 37

effort

Question 38

what is a simple reflex?

Answer 38

skin receptors receive pain signal=(bypasses brain) received by neuron(sensory)=reaches spinal cord=motor neuron sends out reflex

Question 39

sensory neurons are what?

Answer 39

afferent and sense receptors send signals through spinal cord

Question 40

motor neurons are what?

Answer 40

efferent and connect muscles=control movement

Question 41

what are interneurons?

Answer 41

receive info in spinal cord form sensory neurons and send signals back thru motor neurons

Question 42

how are the endocrine and CNS different?

Answer 42

endocrine=slow/last longer | CNS=fast/don't last long

Question 43

what happens when your in danger?

Answer 43

- ans orders adrenal glands to release epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and non-adrenaline) - fight or flight mode

Question 44

what is the pituitary gland?

Answer 44

- most influential endocrine gland - in brain(hypothalamus) - releases growth hormone - releases oxytocin(hair bonding, social trust,etc.)

Question 45

what does pituitary secretions do?

Answer 45

directs other endocrine glands to release hormones

Question 46

what happens when you stress?

Answer 46

hypothalamus triggers>pituitary gland releases a hormone>adrenal glands flood body with cortisol(stress hormone)

Question 47

what is affected by the endocrine secretions?

Answer 47

the CNS