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Obstetrics & Gynecolgy 1 > Mod 2 > Flashcards

Mod 2 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Why are pelvic ultrasounds done

A 
Pelvic pain
Dysfunctional bleeding
IUCD placement
Mass felt on bumanual pelvic exam
? Pregnancy
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2
Q

What is the prep for a transabdominal ultrasound

A

4 x 250ml of water 1 hr prior to exam

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3
Q

What does a full bladder do to the uterus

A

Pushes uterus from anteflexed position into a perpendicular plane
Allows for better visualization

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4
Q

What does a full bladder do to intestines

A

Displaced them

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5
Q

What does a full bladder do for a pelvic ultrasound

A

great window for pelvic anatomy
Landmark
Indicates mobility of pelvic pathology
Allows for comparison for cystic lesions

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6
Q

What is the most ideal full bladder contour for a pelvic ultrasound

A

Covering just the top of the uterus fundus

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7
Q

What does gravidity mean

A

Have been pregnant, including if they are currently pregnant

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8
Q

LMP

A

Last menstral period

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9
Q

Parity

A

Have ever given live birth

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10
Q

Symptoms

A

Any pain

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11
Q

Previous pelvic surgery

A

Looking for any disease that remained

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12
Q

What are the different kinds of abortions

A

Spontaneous

Therapeutic

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13
Q

What is a spontaneous abortion

A

Ex: miss carriage

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14
Q

what is a Therapeutic abortion

A

Ex: physician assisted

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15
Q

What does T term mean

A

Live births

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16
Q

What does nulliparous mean

A

Never been pregnant

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17
Q

What does parous mean

A

Currently pregnant

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18
Q

What does prima gravida mean

A

First time pregnant

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19
Q

where do you start scanning a pelvic ultrasound and why

A

Sagittal plane

Asses bladder fullness

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20
Q

What do you charge on the machine before you start scanning

A

HGen to HRes

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21
Q

How do you sweep while in the Sagittal plane

A

From midline to the side wall of pelvis in each direction

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22
Q

How do you sweep while in the transverse plane during a pelvic ultrasound and why

A

Vagina to umbilicus

Looking for a etopic pregnancy

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23
Q

What plane are ovaries best visualized

A

Transverse

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24
Q

Why do we scan contralateral when scanning ovaries

Study These Flashcards
A

Because the best images occur when the bladder covers a ovary entirely

25
What can help when scanning an obese patient for a pelvic ultrasound
Trendelenburg postion Assistance from the patient Endovaginal scan Get patient to move panniculus out of way so you have access to the symphsis
26
What is a panniculus
Fatty apron
27
What are the advantages of EV scanning
Higher frequency Better resolution Empty bladder Larger image
28
What are the limitations of EV scanning
Pathology may be outside of the field of view | Must have an empty bladder (some patients can’t empty completely)
29
What must you do when performing a EV scan
Over the probe with a condom or non latex transducer cover | Ask patient if they have a latex allergy
30
Hat do you have to do a EV probe before it is inserted
Have the transducer firing
31
When can you not use a EV
``` Effaced or dilated cervix Young girl Virgin Infection Strophic anatomy ```
32
What do you do when documenting fibroids
Document in 2 planes Measure in 3 dimensions Colour Doppler in 2 planes
33
What do you do when documenting ovarian cysts
Must be over 2 cm Document in 2 planes Measure in 3 dimensions Colour Doppler in two planes
34
What do you do when documenting an IUCD
Document in two planes
35
What do you do when documenting nabothian cysts
``` Demonstrate in two planes Do not need to measure Do not need to use colour Doppler Annotate sag cervix Trans cervix ```
36
What do you do when documenting free fluid
Image in two planes to demonstrate that free fluid was seen Measure in all three planes Annotate sag uterus and trans cervix Do not annotate FF or free fluid
37
What is the female pelvic routine
Sag: uterus, cervix, vagina, endometrial canal, right/left ovary Trans: vagina, cervix, uterus at fundus, right/left ovary Also document images of pathology and variants
38
How do you finish a pelvic scan
Sag right kidney measured Transverse right kidney: mid at renal pelvis Sagittal left kidney measured Transverse left kidney: mid at renal pelvis
39
Should the emphasis be on evaluation of each organ and not just on taking pictures
Yes
40
Dyspareunia
Painful or difficult intercourse
41
Amenorrhea
Absence of periods Caused by pregnancy Caused by menopause Ovarian dysfunction
42
Dysmenorrhea
Painful periods with cramps
43
Menorrhagia
Excessive bleeding during period
44
Menometrorrhagia
Excessive bleeding during menses and throughout cycle
45
Mittelschmerz
Pain at ovulation
46
Oligomenorrhea
Infrequent or very light menstration Intervals of > 35 days Only having 4-9 periods a year
47
Anechoic
An echo-free appearance on a sonographic image
48
Echogenic
Produces echoes A basis of comparison for: *hyperechoic *hypoechoic
49
Hyperechoic
Describes echoes that are brighter than normal or brighter than adjacent structures
50
Hypoechoic
Structures that are not as bright as normal or less bright than adjacent structures
51
Isoechoic/isosonic
Structures with the same relative echodensity
52
Heterogeneous
Refers to an uneven echo pattern or reflections of varying echo-densities
53
Homogeneous
Refers to an even echo pattern of reflections that are relative and uniform in composition
54
Cystic
Features all characteristics of a true cyst
55
What are the characteristics of a true cysts
1. Anechoic 2. Through-transmission 3. Smooth walls 4. Round
56
Quasi-cystic
Papers cystic but is missing the through-enchacement due to actual small reflector echoes
57
Solid
Refers to a structure or medium that is echogenic- contains echoes Often attenuates the sound and causes a posterior shadow
58
Shadow
Refers to an area where no or little reflection is obtained. Structures in this area are obscured
59
Enhancement
Refers to an area where there is little attenuation of sound Good sound transmission The area behind appears clearer and brighter because it is better visualized

Obstetrics & Gynecolgy 1 (8 decks)

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