Mod 2/ Appendix A

Question 1

step 1 of scientific method

Answer 1

review past experiments and research on the subject

Question 2

step 2 of sci meth

Answer 2

form hypothesis

Question 3

3 sci meth

Answer 3

design study, pick research method that best tests the hypothesis

Question 4

give examples of of research methods

Answer 4

survey, case study, observations, correlations and experiments

Question 5

4 sci meth

Answer 5

collect data

Question 6

list methods of collecting data

Answer 6

questionnaires, observations, interviews

Question 7

5 sci meth

Answer 7

draw conclusions, does experiment support hypothesis?

Question 8

6 sci meth

Answer 8

report findings, summarize project and publish it

Question 9

advantages if scientific method

Answer 9

minimizes bias, specific

Question 10

armchair psychology

Answer 10

answering psychological questions through observation

Question 11

survey (def, pros, cons)

Answer 11

ask many individuals to answer a fixed set of questions about particular topics

pros: quick/easy, for the most part efficient
cons: questions can be worded weirdly, sex/race of asker can affect answers

Question 12

naturalistic observation (def, pros, cons)

Answer 12

observing individuals behaviors in a normal environment without changing or controlling the situation

pros: can study behaviors that cant be replicated in a lab
cons: bias, time consuming

Question 13

case study (def, pros, cons)

Answer 13

Analysis of the thoughts, behaviors, feelings, beliefs, or behaviors of a single person

pros: detailed, can lead to future studies
cons: data relies on peoples recollection, testimonial, self fulfilling prophecy

Question 14

testimonial

Answer 14

statement in support of something based on observations of a persons personal experiences

Question 15

self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 15

strong belief about a future behavior and then acting (usually unknowingly) to fulfill that behavior

Question 16

correlation coefficient

Answer 16

a number that indicates the strength of a relationship between two or more events

Question 17

which graph would be more packed together, one with a .5 correlation or a .98?

Answer 17

.98

Question 18

pros and cons to correlational research

Answer 18

pros: can predict behavior
cons: it is assumed to find cause to effect which isnt always true

Question 19

experiment (def, pros, cons)

Answer 19

identifies cause-effect behavior

pros: chances of bias and error reduced
cons: not much diversity, bias is still possible

Question 20

step 1 experiment

Answer 20

forming a hypothesis

Question 21

rule 2 experiment

Answer 21

identify (in)dependent variables

Question 22

independent variable

Answer 22

researcher controls, manipulates

Question 23

dependent variable

Answer 23

effected by independent variable

Question 24

rule 3 experiment

Answer 24

choose participants

Question 25

population

Answer 25

every person existing that matches the criteria that researchers are studying

Question 26

sample

Answer 26

the portion of the population actually selected to be studied

Question 27

random selection

Answer 27

each participant in a sample has an equal chance of being selected

Question 28

rule 4 experiment

Answer 28

assign people to experimental and control groups

Question 29

experimental vs control groups

Answer 29

experimental- receive treatment control- do not

Question 30

rule 5 experiment

Answer 30

independent variable is manipulated by giving experimental group the treatment

Question 31

rule 6 experiment

Answer 31

measure how the independent variable affects behaviors (dependent)

Question 32

rule 7 experiment

Answer 32

analyze data

Question 33

frequency distribution

Answer 33

the range of scores we get and the frequency of each one when we measure a sample

Question 34

measure of variability

Answer 34

indication for how much scores vary from one another

Question 35

standard deviation

Answer 35

shows how widely the scores in a distribution are scattered above and below the mean

Question 36

inferential statistics

Answer 36

set of procedures for determining what conclusions can be drawn from a set of data

Question 37

t test

Answer 37

estimate of reliability that takes into account both the size of the mean difference and the variability in disruptions

Question 38

chi square

Answer 38

test that compares the observed distributions of people/events among various categories with the distribution expected purely on the basis of chance