Mod 2: Nutrient and Gas requirements Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is the difference between vascular and non-vascular plants?
non-vascular plants don’t have specialised structures for support and transport while vascular plants do.
what are the two types of vascular tissue?
xylem and phloem
what is the function of the root system
stabilize the plant in soil and absorb water and minerals
what is the function of the shoot system?
stems: structural support and a pathway between roots and leaves
leaves: photosynthesis and transpiration
what is the epidermis?
surface of the leaves
upper epidermis and lower epidermis
what are guard cells?
bean-shaped cells that surround control the exchange of gases and loss of water
what are stomata?
the pores of leaves in the epidermis
when are the stomata open?
day time
where does gaseous exchange occur in animals?
in the alveoli
what is gaseous exchange?
the movement of gases between external environment (alveoli air) and internal environment (bloodstream)
what are the common characteristics of all respiratory surfaces?
- large surface area
- thin, moist surfaces
- a close proximity to transport system
- the concentration gradient is maintained for continuous diffusion
how does diffusion relate to the respiratory system?
Oxygen diffuses from where it is more concentrated in the alveoli into the capillaries where it is less concentrated
what special structure do fish have for them to breathe underwater (gaseous exchange)
gills
how do insects perform gaseous exchange?
via pores called spiracles, which lead to tracheal tubes, which then lead to smaller tubes called tracheoles
What are the two parts of digestion?
mechanical and chemical
explain mechanical digestion
the physical breakdown of food that occurs in the mouth. Teeth break down food into smaller chunks
explain chemical digestion
it is the process of using digestive enzymes to chemically break down large and complex molecules.
this is so the food particles can become small enough to be absorbed into the blood stream
track of digestive system
mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
(liver)
function of small intestine
absorption
Glucose and amino acids are absorbed into the capillaries, while
fatty acids and glycerol move into the lacteal. Some water absorption will also occur here.
(Lacteals are connected to another transport system in the body – the lymph system)
function of the large intestine
absorption of water, salts, and dietary fibre
what is autotrophic nutrition
producing organic nutrients from inorganic substances
what is heterotrophic nutrition
obtaining organic nutrients by feeding on other organisms
