Mod 2E Truth & Feedback

Question 1

What is biased data?

Answer 1

Data that inaccurately represents the intended population due to a non-random sample.

Question 2

What is selection bias?

Answer 2

A bias from drawing data from a non-random sample.
Example: Polling via landlines may overrepresent older individuals.

Question 3

What is Simpson’s paradox?

Answer 3

A form of selection bias where a trend in subsets disappears or reverses when data is aggregated.

Question 4

What is survivor bias?

Answer 4

A bias where data includes only subjects that “survived” a process, excluding those that did not.

Question 5

How can data visualisations be misleading?

Answer 5

When designers intentionally mislead or influence the audience’s interpretation.

Question 6

How can we identify missing data in a dataset?

Answer 6

Using the COUNTBLANK function

Applying conditional formatting

Question 7

How can we detect data errors?

Answer 7

Summary statistics

Frequency distributions

Column/bar charts

Histograms

Scatter charts

Question 8

What are some deceptive chart design techniques?

Answer 8

Manipulating chart axes

Using dual-axis charts

Selective data and time intervals

Misleading geographic/choropleth maps