Mod 3 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the most important blood group system in transfusion and transplant medicine?
ABO system
The ABO system is unique because individuals have antibodies against absent antigens without prior exposure.
Who discovered the first human blood group system?
Karl Landsteiner
What is the most frequently performed test in blood banks?
ABO grouping test
What are the two types of ABO typing tests?
- Forward Typing
- Reverse Typing
What does Forward Typing detect?
ANTIGEN on the patient’s RBC
What does Reverse Typing detect?
ANTIBODY on the patient’s serum
How many major blood types are there in the Filipino population?
Four
How is ABO blood group inheritance determined?
An individual inherits one ABO gene from each parent
What type of genetics does ABO blood group inheritance follow?
Simple Mendelian genetics
What chromosome is occupied by the ABO genes?
Chromosome 9
What is the genotype for blood group O?
OO
What is the significance of the O gene?
It is considered an amorph; no detectable antigen is produced.
What is the relationship between phenotype and genotype in an AB individual?
The phenotype and genotype are the same.
What are the three separate loci involved in the formation of A, B, and H antigens?
- ABO
- Hh
- Se
What is the precursor substance from which A, B, and H antigens originate?
Paragloboside or glycan
What type of linkage is involved in Type 2 precursor substance?
Beta 1→4 linkage
What sugar is responsible for H specificity?
L-fucose
What is the phenotype that lacks normal expression of ABH antigens?
Bombay phenotype
What is the role of the FUT 2 (Se) gene?
It codes for the production of transferase that modifies precursor substances in secretions.
What defines whether ABH-soluble substances will be secreted?
Presence of the Se gene specified α-2-L fucosyltransferase
What is the dominant subgroup of A blood?
A1
What are lectins?
Seed extracts that agglutinate human cells with some degree of specificity.
What is the cause of the Acquired B Phenomenon?
Bacterial enzymes remove the acetyl group of the A antigen.
What types of ABO discrepancies are there?
- Group I ABO Discrepancies
- Group II ABO Discrepancies
- Group III ABO Discrepancies
- Group IV ABO Discrepancies
