MOD 4.2 Flashcards
(18 cards)
1
Q
Drive Organization
A
- Depending on OS
o Physical Drive: Multiple volumes or partitions
o Volume: Multiple physical drives - Each partition contains information about files and folders
2
Q
What is Physical Drive?
A
Multiple volumes or partitions
3
Q
What is Volume?
A
Multiple physical drives
4
Q
Disk Storage Structure
A
- Divided into logical blocks
- Block numbers: one-dimensional array
- Fixed size: usually 512 bytes (sector)
5
Q
What are block numbers?
A
one dimensional array
6
Q
What is the usual fixed size?
A
512 bytes
7
Q
Logical Formatting
A
- Creates file system of specific types (NTFS, exFAT, APFS, etc.)
- Usually done a fresh partition
- Erases files and initializes volume information
8
Q
Bad Blocks
A
- May happen in HDDs and SSDs
- Data in bad blocks are usually lost
- System utilities may scan and attempt repair
- Drive may have spare sectors
9
Q
File System
A
- Most visible aspect of an operating system
- Provides mechanism for storage and access to both data and programs
- Mapped to physical nonvolatile storage devices
- Files stored as blocks
o May be fragmented over time (HDD)
10
Q
File Elements
A
- Attributes
o Name, type, location, size, security, date/time - Operations
o Create, write, read, delete - Access Methods
o Direct, sequential, others
11
Q
File Protection
A
- File access
o Read, write, execute, append, delete, list, name, file attributes - Access Groups
o Owner
o Group
o Others
12
Q
File Recovery
A
- Consistency Checking
o Information in main memory may not be in sync with disk
o System crash -> consistency checker (e.g. Scandisk in Windows) - User backup and Restore
13
Q
What is the meaning of RAID?
A
Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks
14
Q
RAID Structure
A
- Concept extended to other devices such as tapes
- Redundancy provides reliability
- Performance improvement via parallelism
- Cost considerations
15
Q
Does Redundancy provide reliability?
A
Yes/ True, Redundancy provides reliability
16
Q
What is a high-reliability RAID level?
A
Mirroring
17
Q
What is high-speed RAID level?
A
Stripping, wherein reliability not improved
18
Q
RAID levels: mirroring/striping scheme such as
A
o RAID 0 (block stripping w/o mirroring)
o RAID 1 (mirroring)
o RAID 0+1
