Mod 5 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Rates of reaction increases by
Increasing concentration of solutions or pressure of gases
Increasing surface area of solid reactant
Increasing temperature
Using catalyst
enthapy
The heat (thermal) energy released or absorbed during the reaction (change)
Entropy
A measure of the number of possible arrangements of a system
The degree of disorder or randomness in the system
Entropy increases by
Volume particles occupy increase
Number of particles increase in system
Temperature of system increase
Substance changes state (s, l, g)
spontaneous reaction
A spontaneous reaction: occurs of its own accord, without outside intervention
When G <0
spontaneous
When G> 0
non-spontaneous
When G=0
equilibrium
When H < 0 and S > 0
spontaneous
irreverisble fwd rxn
When H < 0 and S < 0
spontaneous at low temp
reversible
When H > 0 and S > 0
spontaneous at high temp
reversible
When H > 0 and S < 0
non- spontaneous
doesnt proceed
Reliability
The consistency of experimental results over multiple trials under the same conditions
Validity
the extent to which the aim of the experiment is fulfilled fairly.
Zero error
An instrument such as a balance should read zero when nothing is on it. If it doesn’t and reads say 0.05g, then all your measurements will be 0.05g more than they should be.
Accuracy
the closeness of agreement between an experimental result and the accepted theoretical value.
Validity is
ACER
aim, constant, equip, range
aim achieved, constant variables, approptriate equipment to reduce error, suitable range
Reliability is
ROCA
repeat, outlier, consistent, average
repeated with large sample size, outliers removed, results consistent, averaged results
Accuracy is
SERC
scale, equipment, record, closeness
scale have sufficent graduations, equipment used correct, results recorded with decimal places, measurements close to theoretical values
Q > Keq
Q shift to left (reactants)
G > 0 (non-spontaneous)
Q < Keq
Q shift to right (products)
G < 0 (spontaneous)
Keq > 1
products being favoured
conc products high
conc reactants low
Keq < 1
reactants being favoured
conc products low
conc reactants high
Keq = 1
conc reactants = products
