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A&P > mod 5: anatomy of phonation > Flashcards

mod 5: anatomy of phonation Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

glottis

A

-space between vocal folds

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2
Q

hyoid bone (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: supports the laryx
-Location: attached to tongue
-Articulation: non-articulate, unpaired

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3
Q

cricoid cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: forms base of the larynx
-Location: sits just above the top-most tracheal ring, shaped like signet ring
-Articulation: non-articulate, unpaired

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4
Q

Thyroid cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: adams apple
-Location: superior to cricoid cartilage largest
cartilage, single cartilage, shield-like shape, sides have superior and inferior horns (cornu)
-Articulation: unpaired

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5
Q

Arytenoid cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: vocal folds attach to them
-Location: sit atop posterior cricoid cartilage
-Articulation: articulate with cricoid, paired, glide forward to shorten vocal folds to change pitch

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6
Q

Corniculate cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: perhaps to assist in forceful adduction
-Location: cap on apex of arytenoids
-Articulation: paired

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7
Q

Cuneiform cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: to support and stiffen aryepiglottic folds
-Location: flaps of mucosal lining lateral to epiglottis at opening of larynx
-Articulation: paired

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8
Q

Epiglottis cartilage (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

-function: protects larynx from food, debris
-Location: attached to interior of thyroid cartilage, ligaments connects to root of tongue on anterior
-Articulation: unpaired

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9
Q

cricothyroid joint (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

function: pivor for thyroid to rock forward, used for pitch adjustment
movement: rock forward

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10
Q

cricoarytenoid joint (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

permits some roation and rocking in and out movement

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11
Q

thyrohyoid membrane (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

location: cover the space between the hyoid bone and the thyroid

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12
Q

Aryepiglottic folds (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

Swallowing

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13
Q

vocal folds (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A
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14
Q

ventricular/false vocal folds (function, location, articulation, applicable)

A

function:
location: superior to the true folds, consist of thick foldd of mucous membrane
articulation:

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15
Q

vocal fold structure: squamos eithelium

A

most superficial, protective layer of vocal folds

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16
Q

vocal fold structure: superficial lamina propria

A

vocal folds structure with elastin fibers

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17
Q

vocal fold structure: intermediate lamina propia

A

anterior-to-posterior elastin fibers provide elasticity and strength

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18
Q

vocal fold structure: deep lamina propia

A

anterior-to-posterior collagen fibers

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19
Q

thyroarytenoid muscle parts

A

composed of the thyrovocalis and thyromuscularis

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20
Q

lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) (function, location, origin and insertion)

A

-intrinsic adductor muscle (close glottis)
-function: rotates arytenoid cartilaged to bring the vocal processes closer by rocking inward and downward (closes glottis, step 2)
-insertion: muscular process of arytenoid
-origin: superior lateral surface of the cricoid

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21
Q

interarytenoids

A

-intrinsic adductors that include the transverse arytenoids (TA) and Oblique Arytenoid (OA)

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22
Q

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (function, origin and insertion)

Study These Flashcards
A

-function: the ONLY intrinsic ABductor (open glottis) Rocks arytenoid
cartilages laterally (abducts vocal
folds; opposite function of LCA)
-insertion: Posterior surface of the
muscular process of the arytenoids
-Origin: Posterior cricoid lamina

23
Q

cricothyroid muscle (function, origin and insertion, parts)

Study These Flashcards
A

-intrinsic tensor
-function: move the thyroid cartilage downward closer to cricoid (tense and lengthen the vocal folds)
-Origin: Anterior cricoid cartilage
-Insertion: Lower thyroid lamina
-two parts: pars recta and pars oblique

24
Q

thyrovocalis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • a thyroarytenoid intrinsic tensor
25
thyromuscularis
-a thyroarytenoid intrinsic Relaxer
26
aryepiglottic
-Accessory intrinsic laryngeal muscles -function: pulls epiglottic backward and downward into airway during swallowing
27
thyroepiglottic
-Accessory intrinsic laryngeal muscles -Function: Dilates airway (depresses epiglottis), pull the epiglottis down posteriorly to cover the airway -Origin: Inner surface of thyroid cartilage at angle -Insertion: Lateral margin of epiglottis
28
Suprahyoid
extrinsic muscles that insert above the hyoid bone (elevate hyoid bone and larynx)
29
Infrahyoid
extrinsic muscles that insert below the hyoid (depress the hyoid bone and larynx)
30
Oblique arytenoid muscle (OA)
Function: Pulls the upper tips (apex) of the arytenoids together (assists with adduction) Origin: Posterior base of muscular process of arytenoids Insertion: Apex of the opposite arytenoid
31
digastric muscle anterior belly (function, location, origin and insertion)
suprahyoid extrinsic muscle -function: draws hyoid up and foward -origin: mandible, courses medially and inferiorly -insertion: hyoid bone -innervated: CN 5 trigeminal
32
digastric muscle posterior belly
suprahyoid extrinsic muscle -Function: draws hyoid up and back -origin: mastoid process of the skill, courses medially and downward -insertion: hyoid bone -innervated: CN 7 Facial
33
stylohyoid muscle
extrinsic suprahyoid muscle -function: draws the hyoid up and backward -origin: styloid process, down and forward -insertion: corpus of hyoid, splits and goes around digastric -innervation: CN 7 Facial
34
mylohyoid (function, origin and insertion, location, innervation)
-extrinsic suprahyoid muscle -Function: Elevates hyoid, depresses mandible, forms muscular floor of mouth -Origin: Along the mylohyoid line -Insertion: Corpus of hyoid and the floor of the mouth -innervation: CN 5 (trigeminal)
35
geniohyoid muscle (function, origin and insertion, location, innervation)
-extrinsic suprahyoid muscle -function: Elevates hyoid, depresses mandible -Origin: Mandible -Insertion: Corpus of hyoid -innervation: CN 7 hypglossal
36
hypoglossus
extrinsic suprahyoid muscle -function: elevated hyoid, depresses tongue -origin: upper border of the body and greater horns of hyroid -insertion: posterior and lateral regions of the rongue -innervation: CN 12 hypoglossal
37
genioglossus
extrinsic suprahyoid muscle -origin: mandible, fans upward -insertion: corpus of hyoid and tongue -function: elevates the hyoid -innervation: CN 12 hypoglossal
38
inferior pharyngeal constrictor
extrinsic suprahyoid muscle -function: constricts pharynx )active during swallowing, elevate larynx) -origin: lower portion of pharynx -insertion: posterior pharynheal raphe -innervation: CN 10 vagus
39
sternohyoid
extrinsic infrahyoid muscle -function: draws the hyoid done downwards -Origin: Posterior surface of manubrium, the medial end of the clavicle -Insertion: Lower border of the hyoid body -innervation: spinal nerves
40
omohyoid
extrinsic infrahyoid muscle
41
sternothyroid
extrinsic suprahyoid muscle -Function: Lowers the thyroid, larynx -innervation: combo og hypoglossan and spinal nerves -Origin: Posterior surface of the manubrium of sternum and first costal cartilage -Insertion: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
42
thyrohyoid
extrinsic infrahyoid muscle -Origin: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage -Insertion: Lower border of greater horn of hyoid -Function: Either lowers hyoid or elevates larynx, depending on other muscles -Innervation: Combination of CN XII (Hypoglossal) and Spinal nerves
43
Transverse Arytenoid muscle (TA) (function, location, origin and insertion)
intrinsic adductor, AKA transverse interarytenoid -Function: Contraction pulls the middle edges of the arytenoid cartilaged together tightly for adduction (step 2 glottal cycle) -Origin: Lateral margin of posterior arytenoid -Insertion: Lateral margin of opposite arytenoid -location: Horizontally (laterally) across backs of arytenoids
44
intrinsic muscles (location and function)
-Origin and insertion on the laryngeal cartilages (within the larynx) -Have a variety of functions for controlling phonation
45
extrinsic muscles (location and function)
-Origin and/or insertion elsewhere (outside the larynx) -Function to stabilize larynx and/or move the larynx up/down
46
Adductors
-function to bring vocal folds together and the arytenoid cartilages together which closes the glottis -include the lateral cricoarytenoids (LCA), the transverse Arytenoid (TA) and the oblique Arytenoid (OA)
47
tensors
-function: tense vocal folds -include cricothyroids (CT), thyrovocalis (part of thyriarytenoid)
48
relaxor
includes the thyromuscularis
49
50
Valleculae
space between tongue and epiglottis, collects saliva. formed by the membrane between the tongue and the epiglottis folds to protect the airway from food or liquid
51
abduction
includes posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. Process of the vocal folds coming apart terminating phonation
52
intrinsic v extrinsic muscles
Intrinsic muscles control phonation and have both origin and attachment points within the larynx. Extrinsic muscles have one connection point outside the larynx to stabilize it and either elevate or depress the larynx itself, do not work on phonation
53
Primary arytenoid movement
Rocking and gliding: rocking in to adductor vocal folds rock out to abduct vocal folds- glide forward to shorten vocal folds glide back to lengthen folds which increase frequency

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