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Module 5 > Mod 5 Notes Psw > Flashcards

Mod 5 Notes Psw Flashcards

0
Q

Base of support is….?

A

area on which an object rests. An adequate base will prevent tipping. I.e feet. Feet should be shoulder width apart, should be able to fit a ruler in between.

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1
Q

Posture is?

A

the way in which body parts are positioned in relation to each other.

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2
Q

Friction is…..?

A

Skin rubbing on skin or another object causing sores.

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3
Q

Shearing is…?

A

tearing of skin tissue caused by skin sticking to a surface & deeper tissue moving downward and putting pressure on the skin.

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4
Q

Gait…?

A

how someone moves.i.e. Balance, leaning forward or sideways etc

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5
Q

Transfer is….?

A

to move a person from one place to another using the clients assistance with partial/full body bearing.

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6
Q

Lift is….?

A

moving one person from one place to another without the person bearing weight.
Document all changes. If ct can bear weight or not etc.

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7
Q

Mechanical lift…?

A

a device that can elevate and move a person while in a special body sling.

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8
Q

Log rolling…?

A

turning person as 1 unit in alignment with one motion, neck and spine should be turned in one step.

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9
Q

Body mechanics is…?

A

involves good posture and balance, use strongest and largest muscles, good body mechanics reduce injury, strain and fatigue. For ct’s with limited mobility correct body mechanics helps prevent complications like muscle muscle atrophy and contracture a

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10
Q

Muscle atrophy is…?

A

Muscle atrophy is defined as a decrease in the mass of the muscle; it can be a partial or complete wasting away of muscle.

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11
Q

Contracture is….?

A

a condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints.

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12
Q

Steps to Moving positioning ct in bed…

A

check care plan

  • asses safety for ct and yourself.
  • find others to help if necessary
  • protect ct’s from pressure
  • know ct’s condition and how they limit mobility.
  • use good communication
  • Sometimes using smaller steps is better.
  • remember ct privacy and dignity.
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13
Q

Aids that we use to help reposition ct’s…?

A
  • slider sheet: ensure it’s under their bottom.

- trapeze bar: hangs over ct’s bed, ct can grasp it to help pull themselves up.

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14
Q

What does turning a ct promote and prevent?

A

Turning ct’s prevents bed sores and promotes good skin care.

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15
Q

Postural hypertension is when..?

A

BP drops when you stand up.

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16
Q

First step to a transfer, first thing you should do when sitting a ct up from laying down?

A

Dangle your legs- 1st step of transfer. Gives the ct’s BP time to equalize. Watch for resp..watch for cyanosis, blue around lips or finger and toes.
-light headedness

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17
Q

What are some General facts of ct care?

A
  • turn and reposition ct Q2 hr.
  • know care plan
  • follow the ct’s schedule
  • use good body mechanics
  • explain procedure to ct
  • ensure linen is wrinkle free
  • call bell in reach
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18
Q

**Rules for lifting a heavy object are?

A
  • use lg muscles
  • wide base of support
  • keep objects close
  • get help with heavy ct’s
  • push/pull rather than lift
  • face the area that your working
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19
Q

Fowlers position is?

A

semi upright sitting position in bed. It relaxes abdominal muscles therefore increases breathing

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20
Q

Low fowlers position?

A

HOB 15-30

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21
Q

Semi fowlers position?

A

HOB 30-45> raise knees

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22
Q

High fowlers position..?

A

HOB 45-90> raise knees

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23
Q

Supine is ?

A

back laying for sleep or rest.

-flat bed -pillow for head - May need low back support

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24
Q

Lateral is?

A

side laying.

  • monitor pressure points
  • bend upper knee for comfort
  • pillows to support legs and against back.
25
Q

Prone position?

A

front laying position and abd with head turned to side. -used to prevent thigh muscle contractures.

26
Q

Sims position?

A

left side laying. Rt leg sharply flexed not laying on lt leg, partly on abd

27
Q

Proper position in w/c or chair…?

A
  • buttocks and back against the back of chair.
  • back should be straight not leaning
  • feet should be flat on the floor
  • arms on arm rest.
28
Q

Complications for improper positioning are?

A
  • pressure(bed sores)
  • fall out and get injured
  • poor circulation
  • muscle strain
29
Q

ROM is?

A

moving a joint to the full extent possible without causing pain.

30
Q

Active range of motion is?

A

done by ct independently

31
Q

Passive ROM is?

A

done by someone else moving the joint.

32
Q

Active assistive ROM is?

A

both working together

33
Q

Abduction-

A
  • moving the body part away from the midline
34
Q

Addiction is?

A

moving the body part towards the midline of the body.

35
Q

Extension is?

A

straightening a body part

36
Q

Flexion is?

A

bending a body part

37
Q

Hyper-extension is?

A

excessive straightening of a body part

38
Q

Rotation is?

A

turning a joint

39
Q

Internal rotation is?

A

turning the joint inward

40
Q

External rotation is?

A

turning the joint outward

41
Q

Dorsiflexion is?

A

bend the toes up and foot up at the ankle

42
Q

Plantarflexion-

A

bend the foot down at the ankle the foot down at the ankle

43
Q

Pronation is?

A

turning downward

44
Q

Supination is?

A

turn upwards

45
Q

Documentation after assisting a ct with ROMs…

A

-joints done, repetitions, if ct c/o pain, how much ct participated.

46
Q

Ambulating…

A

Ambulation- walking, helps prevent deterioration
When ambulating allow a minute to sit @bedside before standing.
-start with a short walk around the room.
-ensure there’s a clear path.
-ensure proper footwear is on ct

47
Q

Walking aids used…?

A

Crutches- used when one leg is weak 2types, arm brace, auxiliary crutch (under armpit)
Make sure rubber tips are in good shape, make sure they are set for the proper height for ct.
Cane- provide support for weak side and provide balance.
Braces- can be metal, plastic or leather it’s worn to support or align a weak body part.
Monitor for rubbing, redness, open areas, discomfort, Q shift monitoring.

48
Q

Musculo-skeletal system is…

A

framework of your body

  • consists of bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons & cartilage.
  • allows body to move.
49
Q

Bones- 206 bones in the body.

What are the 4 types of bones?

A

1) long bone-take the wt. ie femur.
2) short bones-allow ease of movement. Ie wrist, fingers, toes.
3) flat bones- protect organs ie ribs, skull, pelvis.
4) irregular bones- allow movement & flexibility & bare some wt. ie vertebrae.

50
Q

What are bones?

A

Bones are hard rigid structure made of living cell. Inside the bone is hollow & is called bone marrow, this is where blood cells are manufactured.

51
Q

Joints are?

A

the point where 2 or more bones meet and allow movement.

52
Q

Cartilage is?

A

connective tissue that cushions the joint, so bones don’t rub together.

53
Q

What does Synovial membrane and secretions do?

A

line joints and secretes fluid to lubricate and provide easy movement.

54
Q

Ligaments are?…

A

strong bands of connective tissue that hold joints together.

55
Q

3 types of joints are…?

A

1) ball & socket joints- round end of one bone and hollow end of another. Ie. hip & shoulder.
2) hinge joint- movement in one direction ie. knee & elbow.
3) pivot joint- allows side to side movement. Skull connects to the spine.

56
Q

Muscles, more than 500 in the body.

What are the three types…?

A

Voluntary muscles- consciously controlling

  • Involuntary muscles-work automatically. Organ muscles.
  • cardiac muscle- only in the heart.
57
Q

Muscles perform 3 important body functions, what are they?…

A

1) heat,
2) posture,
3) movement.

58
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

The nervous system controls, directs and coordinates body functions.

59
Q

What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?

A

CNS consists on brain and spinal cord.

60
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of..?

A

The nerves throughout the body.

Module 5 (1 decks)

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