MOD 6 - COURSE 2 - PT 1 - METHODS OF EUTHANASIA Flashcards
(27 cards)
WHos created a guid for care and use of lab aniamls - euthanasia
ICLAS
Considerations of methods of euthanasia
- idetnify protential problems area - consider 2 stages of effects of euthanasia metho
- aniamsl - rendered unconscious
- it dies
- stages can occur together or death occurs after unconsciousness
- in latter circumstance - time to onset of unconcsciousness = an issue
wht considerations do there need to be when chosing mehods of euthanasia
- age, considtion of aniamsl
- experimental protocol,
- competence of personell
- consultation with VET
- ability to induce loss of soncsciousness and death with minimum pain
- time required to induce unconsciousness
- reliability
- saftey of personell
- irreversibility
- compatibility with intented aniaml use and purpose
- emotional effect on observers or operatorys
- compatibility with subsequent evalulation, examnination or use of tissue
- drug availability
- compatibility with species, age and health status
- equipement
- saftey from predaotrs or scavengers should the aniamsl remains be consumed
- legal requriemets
- environental impacts
what is the classification of methods of euthanasia
- acceptable
- acceptable with conditions
- unacceptable
what calssfiies methods of euthanasia as acceptable
- consistantly produce huamne death when useing as sole means of euthanasia
what classifies the method of euthanasia as acceptable with conditions
- requies certain conditions - to consistenyl produce humane detah
- greater potential for perator eror/saftey hazards
- not well documented- may require secondary method
- equivilant to acceptable methods if all criteria = met
what classess methods of euthanasia as unacceptable
- deemed inhumane
- substantial risk to humans
- methods that are meant to be use din conjunction with another method but on their own
what are the 3 basic mechanisms of euthanasia
- direct depressions of neurons necessary for life function
- hypoxia
- physical disruption of brain activity
how is unconsciousness defined
- loss of individual awareness whens brains ability to integrate infomation = blocked / disrupted
how is euthanasia defined
- results in rapid loss of conscious followed by cardiac or repiraityr arres - subsequent loss of brain function
does loss of consciousness come before or after loss of muscle movement
- before
what neural system is required to be depressed to cause death
- cortical neural system
what are normal observations to be seen when the depression or the cortical neural system occurs
- loss od consciouness
- leases of inhibition of motor activity - accompanied by vocalisationa nd muscle contractioin (similar to initial stages of anasesthesia
- although distressing - these responses do not appear to be purposful
- once ataxia (poor muscle control) and loss of righting reflex occurs - susequent oberved motor activity = attributed to second satge of anaesthesia
- then regular breathign patters
- then death
hoe does hypoxia work as a euthanasia technqiue
- exposes aniamls to high concentration of gasses that displace O2 - i.e. CO2, N2 - or by exposre to CO - to blick uptake O2 by RBC
whats an adjunctive methods of inducing hyposxia as a method of euthanasia
- exanguination - drain aniamsl of blood - indirectly ensure death in already unsconscious aniaml
what observations = observed when animal undergoes hypoxic euthanasia
- exhibit motor activity/convulsions following loss of consciousness - however reflex activity = not cosciouslly perceived by aniamsl
what is a drawback of hypoxia as euthanasia method
- only appropriate to species who are suceptiable to hypoxia
what are some examples of physcial disruption emthodso f euthanasia
- produced through a blow to skull - concussive stunning
- through direct descrutction of brain with a captive bullet, pithing rod
- through depolarisation of brain neurones following eletrocution
what causes quick death when using physcial methods of physical euthansiasia
- death = quci when midbrain - controlling respirationand caridac activity fails
what is a common observation after physcial distruction methods
- convulsions follow loss of consciousness
what are some drawbacks and positive to physcial distruption emthods of euthanasia
- inexpensive, humane and painless if perofmed well and leads no drug reindue in anoamsl remains
- need to be SKILLFULL - failure can result in substantial suffering
at what age does the EU commission party consider a fetus to precieve pain
- ~60% gestation period
- therefore must be killed humanely
what are some special considerations to choising a euthanasia methods
- age onanimsl
- stage of developement - legal rprotoection adn experiencing pain/distress
- fetal & newbornd - tolerance to hypoxia and different rate of drug metabolsism
hohwo deos hypoxia adn drug metabolsism rates need to be taken into consideration for fetal and newborns aniamsl
- they have tolerance to hypoxia - not sure on the mechnaisms
- pain pathways develop differently in different aniamals - so precaustios approach
- different drug metabolsic pathways - i.e. mice dont deveop liver enzymes to metabolize barbitutes until 7 days old - 21 days to mature - for guinea pigs its 57 days!
