Mod 8 + 9 Flashcards
(34 cards)
L1: What were our problems with the British in early 1800’s?
Impressment: the practice of kidnapping and forcing people to serve in the army or navy, continued despite American protests. (force to side with British).
How did Jefferson try to solve issues in the Atlantic? Did it work?
Jefferson got Congress to pass the Embargo Act: bans all trade with foreign countries.
It didn’t work, and hurt his popularity and made American people not like him.
How was Tecumseh unique among Native American leaders? Did he succeed?
He was able to, and was a great speaker, and united American tribes. When he wasn’t there he was not successful. William Henry Harrison brought troops and defeated the Native Americans. They lost the battle of: Tippecanoe. They escaped from there, and went to Canada, and wasn’t done, but his dream of uniting all Americans to one was.
What is a War Hawk?
War Hawks- several young members of Congress, they are pro war with Britain. They were led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, and Henry Clay of Kentucky.- pro war.) Their opponents were the New England Federalists. -Anti-war, pro business with Britain.
Who was elected President of the U.S. in 1808 & 1812?
James Madison -1808.
War Hawks win, go to a vote, War Hawks are ready to go to war.
L2 The War of 1812
Where did we fight the British during the War of 1812? How did it go?
War at Sea. The British outnumbered and had more ships, but the U.S. navy had more skilled/well-trained sailors. The U.S. was able to win more battles, until the British blockaded/made a wall the American ports.
2nd Part
The Canadian border:
-Americans planned 3 different attacks.
-1. Fort Detroit: Americans loose, fighting against Tecumseh and the British. The American troops battle had to be pushed into the Canadian border, arguing they didn’t have to fight in a foreign country.
What was the 2nd battle/part of the plan?
Battle of Lake Erie: U.S. troops led by Oliver Hazard Perry. The U.S. won this battle and got control over Lake Erie. (British surrender).
What was the 3rd part of the plan?
General William Henry Harrison: led the Americans to the Battle of the Thames River-in Canada, also where Tecumseh dies. (during battle). So British don’t have a leader anymore.
3rd part of the War of 1812
The Creek War- in South, Alabama. The Creek Indians fight against the American settlers, for coming and settling in their land.
Andrew Jackson got lot’s of volunteers to fight back, and they defeat the Creek Indians in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The Creek gave up millions of acres of land/lost in this battle making the Treaty of Fort Jackson.
4th part of the War of 1812
The East: British go on the offensive, and attack Washington DC, they burnt down the White House and capital building, and President Madison had to flee away safely.
Then they continued marching to Baltimore, Maryland, and stopped at Fort McHenry, and they live there for 25 hours, and the British ended up retreating.
5th part of the War of 1812
The Battle of New Orlens (last location): British tried to get control of the Mississippi river, Andrew Jackson-got a ton of random people to fight with him:
regular soldiers, two battalions of free African Americans, and a group of Choctaw Indians, state militia, and pirates.
British got caught in an open field, and loose, 3,000 die, Jackson-defeated them very quickly, and wins, and was a War hero, and that was the last major conflict of War of 1812.
What happened at the Hartford Convention?
Hartford Convention: Federalists secretly meet to end the War, and secretly meet with Congress, but before they can, the War ends, and they look really dum.
Effect- Federalist party power declines/could’ve fallen apart after this.
How did the War ends? What were some of its effects on America?
Treaty of Ghent: was signed in Ghent, Belgium which officially ended the war.
Effects:
1. Patriotism: really spread, proud they were able to defeat the British.
2. It broke apart Native American groups that had started to be formed.
3. The manufacturing in America increased: because they couldn’t get goods from British during the war, (trust) so they started to make their own goods, factories.
L3 Settling International Issues
Who became President in 1816?
James Monroe: able to make a lot of peaceful treaties with just negotiation, not because of a War.
How were our issues with Great Britain resolved?
The Great Lakes area, where we needed to resolve problems.
Rush-Bagot Agreement- limits naval power on the Great Lakes. Each nation agreed to have one military shop and one cannon in each area, on the Lakes-Ontario, and Champlain.
Convention of 1818- set the border at 49 degrees latitude, all the way until it hit the Rocky Mountains. Set border, gave fishing rights to U.S. off of New Finland and Labrador/Canadian coasts.
What was going on in Florida at this time?
-U.S. and Spain dispute about where the border is for Florida. Seminole Indians fight against U.S. settlers moving into Florida, and against people trying to get their runaway slaves.
-Andrew Jackson- led the U.S. troops into Florida, to fight the Seminoles. Florida ends Spain.
-Jackson went into/entered Florida with U.S. army, to defend Americans, and on his own attacked Spains forts, under no authorities/permission from gov.
U.S. gov says give back all the forts back, he does, and it shows that Spain cannot hold on or fight back, so it leader to the Adams Onis Treaty.
What was the Adams Onis Treaty?
John Quincy Adams-negotiated with John Abagail and Abagail Adams, and Spainish diplomat Luis de Onis to sign that the U.S. gives up Texas but gains Florida.
Mod 9: L1: American Foreign Policy
What is nationalism? Is it a good thing or a bad thing? Explain.
Nationalism: a feeling of pride and loyalty to a nation. Also that the interests of the nation as a whole are more important than regional interests, or interests of other countries. (groups of states/people similar areas, interests, cultures to you).
It can be a good or bad thing because of some peoples interests not being great over others, and not acknowledging others like German, and ya.
Why was Monroe’s Presidency referred to as the “Era of Good Feelings”?
The economy: starts growing really fast, people feel good-more money, and the spirit of nationalism: being optimistic: about the nation.
Good feelings were boosted, good young, growing country.
Who was Simon Bolivar? What did he do?
Simon Bolivar- “the Liberator”, led many struggles for independence. Revolutionary, who fought for the Spainish colonies-central South America, to be free from Spain.
President concerns about Spain not controlling them, and other European colonies could do that and pick up and do what Spain did. Britain also concerned about the independence thingy or new foreign policy, they wanted to keep new foreign policy out of Latin America-Britain sided with U.S. on that for once.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
Monroe Doctrine- statement, president and secretary of state make to deal with European countries. It started that the U.S. would view any European attempts to further colonize the Americas.
1. U.S. would not interfere with the affairs/drama of European nations.
2. The U.S. would recognize and not interfere with European colonies, already existing, in North and South America-leave the U.S. alone.
3. Entire Western Hemisphere off-limits to any future colonization by any foreign power. -European, Asia, all.
4. U.S. would consider any European powers colonize to interfere with nations in Western Hemisphere to be a hostile/war threat.
L2: Nationalism & Sectionalism
Describe the American System
Henry Clay- member of House of Representatives-speaker, head guy, from Kentucky.
He came up with the American System: a series of measures intended to make the United States economically self-sufficent. (don’t rely on other countries to buy things/have a good economy).
1. Establish a protective tarrif- a tax on imported goods.
2. Establish a national bank-reestablish it, because other one expired.
3. Improve the country’s transportation system-build more roads and canals throughout the country.
How did the use of New roads & canals impact the American economy?
The Cumberland Road- first national road, ran from Maryland to Wheeling West Virginia.
They wanted to expand it, to something called the National Road-which extended through Columbus, Ohio to Illinois. It is still in use today.
Canal-manmade river or waterway that connects 2 bodies of water.
Erie Canal: created a waterway in new York between Albany and Buffalo, that connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie.
Before Erie Canal it took about 20 days and $100 per good to get from Albany to New York City. After the Erie Canal it lowered to only 6 days and less than $10.
