mod 9 quiz 1

Question 1

how are living organisms classified?

Answer 1

taxonomy; taxons = levels of taxonomy

Question 2

what are all the levels of taxonomy?

Answer 2

• domain
• kingdom
• phylum
• class
• genus
• species

Question 3

are viruses living or nonliving?

Answer 3

nonliving; can’t reproduce on their own

Question 4

how do bacteria eat, move, and reproduce?

Answer 4

• eat = engulf, absorb, photosynthesis reproduction
• move = flagella (some bacteria)
• reproduce = asexual reproduction

Question 5

how do bacteria affect humans?

Answer 5

build immune system, can benefit or be harmful

Question 6

what shapes do bacteria come in?

Answer 6

spiral, rod, and circular

Question 7

what are endospores?

Answer 7

• produced by some bacteria
• sometimes harmful

Question 8

how do viruses affect living organisms?

Answer 8

• make you sick
• super harmful

Question 9

why are scientific names important?

Answer 9

• have complex names
• 1.5 million species and counting
• so that everyone is talking about the same thing even if they don’t speak the same language

Question 10

what are archaea?

Answer 10

special bacteria

Question 11

list info about biological classification

Answer 11

• Carolus Linnaeus was known as the “father of modern taxonomy” and was also a creationist
• latin is a good language for scientific names because its “dead”, meaning it won’t change the way spoken languages do
• taxons include “sub” levels, division, tribes, and subtribes
• biologists call phyla “divisions”

Question 12

what are the six kingdoms?

Answer 12

• animalia
• plantae
• fungi
• protista
• bacteria
• archaea

Question 13

what is a glyco-protein?

Answer 13

protein that has a sugar attached to it

Question 14

what is special about archaebacteria?

Answer 14

lack a glycoprotein that other bacteria have and aren’t affected by antibiotics

Question 15

what are eubacteria?

Answer 15

cells that have a true nucleus

Question 16

what are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?

Answer 16

• animalia
• plantae
• fungi
• protista

Question 17

what is baraminology?

Answer 17

• a creationist classification scheme
• worldview argument

Question 18

identify the kingdom Protista

Answer 18

• contains single-celled eukaryotes (amoebas, paramecia, and algae)

Question 19

what is the majority of life on earth?

Answer 19

• domain archaea
• domain bacteria
• kingdom protista

Question 20

how many phyla exist?

Answer 20

about 100

Question 21

what is another word for a biological key?

Answer 21

dichotomous key

Question 22

T or F: you have 10x as many bacteria living in you and on you as you have human cells

Answer 22

true

Question 23

how much percent of bacteria make up your mass and how many species?

Answer 23

1-3% and about 10,000 species

Question 24

what are bacteria that are required to keep you healthy called?

Answer 24

probiotics

Question 25

where do archaea bacteria live?

Answer 25

extreme conditions

Question 26

where do eubacteria live?

Answer 26

in and on you, surfaces, etc.

Question 27

where else can bacteria live?

Answer 27

- specs of dust - survive nuclear reactors

Question 28

T or F: bacteria are immune to effects of radiation

Answer 28

true

Question 29

what are introns?

Answer 29

- catalyst that helps put RNA together - discarded from DNA methane

Question 30

describe archaea

Answer 30

- different polymerase than bacteria - can have introns - difficult too study because they require extreme conditions to live

Question 31

what are the types of archaea?

Answer 31

- methanogens - halophiles - thermophiles

Question 32

what does phile mean?

Answer 32

to love

Question 33

describe methanogens

Answer 33

- live in anaerobic environments (no oxygen present) - obtain energy from hydrogen and carbon dioxide and make methane

Question 34

describe halophiles

Answer 34

salt-lovers, like the Great Salt Lake

Question 35

describe thermophiles

Answer 35

heat-lovers, like hot springs and hydrothermal vents

Question 36

how do you identify bacteria?

Answer 36

based on cell shape, cell wall structure, and method of movement

Question 37

what are the shapes of bacteria?

Answer 37

rods, spirals, spheres

Question 38

what color do gram negative bacteria show after gram staining?

Answer 38

red-pink because they have less glycoprotein in their cell walls

Question 39

what color do gram positive bacteria show after gram staining?

Answer 39

blue-purple because they have more glycoprotein in their cell walls

Question 40

how do gram positive and gram negative bacteria help doctors?

Answer 40

helps doctors decide which antibiotic to prescribe if someone is infected with a pathogenic bacteria

Question 41

list the movement of bacteria

Answer 41

- only some bacteria move - some secrete slimy threads they travel on - some use flagellum (tail) - prokaryotic bacteria rotate like a propeller - eukaryotic bacteria move back and forth - chemical reactions make them go since there aren't any nerves (scientists still don't know how this works)

Question 42

what are autotrophs?

Answer 42

self feeders

Question 43

what are photoautotrophs?

Answer 43

photosynthesize to make their own food; no chloroplasts, just chlorophyll

Question 44

what are chemoautotrophs?

Answer 44

use chemicals to make their food

Question 45

what are heterotrophs?

Answer 45

feed off others

Question 46

what are saprophytes?

Answer 46

organisms that feed on dead matter

Question 47

T or F: there are some parasitic bacteria

Answer 47

true

Question 48

T or F: photoautotrphs can do photosynthesis and eat carbohydrates that they need to replace carbon dioxide

Answer 48

true

Question 49

what are obligate aerobes?

Answer 49

require oxygen

Question 50

what are obligate anaerobes?

Answer 50

require a lack of oxygen

Question 51

what are facultative anaerobes?

Answer 51

can switch back and forth between aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Question 52

what are the conditions for bacterial growth?

Answer 52

- moisture - moderate temp (80-100F) - nutrition - darkness - correct oxygen level

Question 53

what two kinds of bacteria can survive periods of dryness?

Answer 53

capsules and endospores

Question 54

what happens if photosynthetic bacteria are in the dark?

Answer 54

they die

Question 55

what happens if its too cold/too hot for bacteria?

Answer 55

too cold = bacteria slow down too hot = bacteria die

Question 56

why does food spoil?

Answer 56

bacteria compete with you for the food