MOD Chronic Inflammation

Question 1

Which clinical signs resolve and which persist

Answer 1

Rubor and calor resolve

Tumor and floor persist

Question 2

Differences between acute and chronic

Answer 2

Steroetyped vs modulated
Neutrophils vs macrophages
Immediate vs long time
Instant vs following persistant injury

Question 3

Macrophage functions

Answer 3

Phagocytosis
Antigen presentation
Secretion of cytokines and chemical mediators
Secretion of clotting factors
Angiogenesis stimulation
Fibrosis induction
Fever induction

Question 4

Lymphocyte function

Answer 4

B cell differentiates into plasma cell and forms antibodies
T helpers secrete cytokines
Cytotoxic T killers, kill

Question 5

Fibroblast function

Answer 5

Respond to chemotaxis
Produce extracellular matrix - collagen, elastin, gags
Myofibroblasts in wound contraction

Question 6

Giant cells are seen in?

Answer 6

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 7

Give 3 types of giant cell

Answer 7

Langhans
Foreign body
Touton

Question 8

Describe langhans giant cells and when seen

Answer 8

Peripheral nuclei

Seen in granulomatous infection such as tuberculosis

Question 9

Describe foreign body giant cells and when seen.

Answer 9

Nuclei randomly arranged

Often seen when there is a foreign body that is difficult to digest

Question 10

Describe Touton giant cells and when seen

Answer 10

Nuclei in rings towards centre
Form in lesions with high lipid content
Fat necrosis
Xanthelasma
Foam cells present

Question 11

How does chronic inflammation arise

Answer 11

Take over from acute
Begins de novo
Superimposed on acute inflammation

Question 12

Complications

Answer 12

Tissue destruction
Excessive fibrosis, keloid scar
Impaired function
Atrophy

Question 13

What is granulomatous inflammation

Answer 13

Chronic inflammation with granulomatous

Question 14

What is a granuloma

Answer 14

Collection of activated macrophages that forms when the immune system attempts to wall off a substance that is foreign but cannot be eliminated.

Question 15

What cells do granulomas contain

Answer 15

Macrophages
Epithelioid histiocytes
Giant cells

Question 16

What do granulomas do

Answer 16

Form around particle, walling it off then causing attack with mononuclear cells to destroy

Question 17

2 types of granuloma

Answer 17

Foreign body

Hypersensitivity or immune

Question 18

Describe foreign body granuloma

Answer 18

Macrophages
Foreign body giant cells
Epithelioid histiocytes
Fibroblasts
Lymphocytes
Develop around non antigenic material

Question 19

Describe hypersensitivity or immune giant cells

Answer 19

Macrophages
Langhans type giant cells
Epithelioid histiocytes
Fibroblasts
Lymphocytes
Central necrosis
Around insoluble antigenic material

Question 20

Why do granulomatous inflammation arise

Answer 20

Persistant low grade antigenic stimulation

Hypersensitivity reactions

Question 21

Differences between ulcerative colitis and crohns

Answer 21

Both IBD idiopathic
UC only large intestines Crohns throughout Gi
UC no granulomas Chrons granulomas
UC cobblestone mucosa, crypt abscesses
Crohns
Anal lesions
Bowel fistulae

Question 22

What is chronic inflammation

Answer 22

Chronic response to injury with associated fibrosis