Mod2-Obj5: Four types of tissues in the body and their function

Question 1

Cellular differentiation

Answer 1

All body cells contain the same genes (DNA)

-Arise from the same fertilised cell

Question 2

How do we get different types of cells?

Answer 2

• Different genes turned ‘on’ and ‘off’
• Specialise early in gestation
• Change from generalised ‘all purpose’ state (stem cell) into one with a specific function
• Tailored protein synthesis differentiates cell

Question 3

Formation of tissues

Answer 3

A collection of cells similar in structure that perform a common or related function to form 4 primary tissue types

1. ) Epithelial tissue
2. ) Connective tissue
3. ) Nervous tissue
4. ) Muscle tissue
   - All of the body’s organs consist of a combination of the 4 different tissue types

Question 4

Location of nervous tissue

Answer 4

Internal communication

Question 5

Location of muscle tissue

Answer 5

Produces movement; expand or contract

Question 6

Location of epithelial tissue

Answer 6

Cover; secretion and absorption

Question 7

Location of connective tissue

Answer 7

Support, protects, tranport

Question 8

Epithelial tissue

Answer 8

Sheets of cells that:
1.) Form boundaries between different environments i.e.) skin
2.) Covering and lining epithelia
External and internal surfaces i.e.) respiratory passage
3.) Glandular epithelia
Secretory tissue glands i.e.) release of hormones

Question 9

Functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 9

Protection=Skin
Absorption=Digestive tract
Filtration=Kidney
Excretion=Kidney
Secretion=Gut and respiratory
Transport of mucous=Respiratory
Sensory function=Tongue and nose

Question 10

Structure of epithelial tissue

Answer 10

Cells are closely packed together
-Little spaces to form continuous tissue
-Attached to basement membrane
Lacks blood vessels (avascular)
-Nutrients from underlying connective tissue via diffusion
Regenerate quickly
Can have microvilli and cilia (help protect organs by filtering particles that enter the body)

Question 11

Classification of epithelial tissue

Answer 11

Named by number of layers and cell shape 
Layers:
1.) Single-simple
2.) Multiple-Stratified 
Shape:
1.) Squamous
2.) Cuboidal 
3.) Columnar

Question 12

Connective tissue

Answer 12

Most abundant of the 4 tissue types

-Highly vascular

Question 13

Functions of connective tissue

Answer 13

• Structural framework for the body
• Transport fluids and dissolved materials
• Protects organs
• Supports, surrounds and interconnect other tissues
• Store energy
• Defend the body

Question 14

4 classes of connective tissue

Answer 14

1. ) Connective tissue proper (dense and loose)
2. ) Cartilage
3. ) Bone
4. ) Blood

Question 15

Structure of connective tissue

Answer 15

All connective tissue contains

• Few widely separated specialised cells
• Ground substance
• Collagen and elastin fibres

Question 16

Structure of connective tissue: Extracellular matrix (non-living)

Answer 16

• All materials other than cells
• Collagen and elastin
• Makes up the bulk of connective tissue

Question 17

Structure of connective tissue: Extracellular protein fibres

Answer 17

1.) Collagen
Tough fibres with high tensile strength
2.) Elastic
Long thin fibres, that act like rubber bonds
3.) Reticular
Short fibres continuous with collagen fibres

Question 18

Specialised cells of connective tissue

Answer 18

CT classes have immature and mature resident cells
1.) Immature cells (blast)
Secrete ground substances and fibres
2.) Mature cells (cyte)
Maintains matrix 
3.) Other cells
Blood (WBC, RBC, macrophages) 
Adipocytes (fat)

Question 19

Connective tissue proper

Answer 19

6 subclasses of loose and dense CT

-Contains fibroblasts and fibrocytes

Question 20

Connective tissue proper: Loose CT

Answer 20

Loose arrangement of fibres
-Large amounts of ground substance
(support blood vessels, soft tissued organs)

Question 21

Connective tissue proper: Dense CT

Answer 21

Closely packed fibres
-Little ground substance, poorly vascularised
(doesn’t have a lot of blood, acts as an anchor)

Question 22

Connective tissue proper: Adipose

Answer 22

A class of CT proper and contains adipocytes and fibrocytes

Question 23

Cartilage

Answer 23

Qualifies between dense connective tissue and bone

• Consists of collagen and some elastic fibres
• Up to 80% water

Question 24

Cartilage: Chondroblasts produce new matrix…

Answer 24

If cartilage is disrupted

Question 25

Cartilage: Support and absorb compression...

Answer 25

Prevents abrasion occurring in the bone

Question 26

Cartilage: Lacks nerve fibres and is avascular...

Answer 26

Nutrients enters cartilage through compression

Question 27

Bone

Answer 27

Abundant collagen fibres

Question 28

Bone: Osteoblasts

Answer 28

- Produce organic matrix - Matrix very firm (inorganic calcium salts) - Osteocytes reabsorb bone as needed

Question 29

Bone is...

Answer 29

Highly vascular, nerve fibres

Question 30

Functions of bone

Answer 30

- Support and protect - Store fat - Synthesise blood cells

Question 31

Blood

Answer 31

Fluid within blood vessels

Question 32

Blood mod1

Answer 32

- Consists of blood cells surrounded by plasma - Blood cells include RBC,WBC - Contains soluble protein molecules that form fibres during blood clotting

Question 33

Muscle tissue

Answer 33

Highly vascularised

Question 34

Three types of muscle tissue

Answer 34

``` 1.) Skeletal Voluntary movement 2.) Smooth Involuntary movement (expand and contract blood vessels-vasodilation and vasoconstriction) 3.) Cardiac In heart ```

Question 35

Muscle tissue is composed...

Answer 35

Of muscle cells that contain contractile proteins

Question 36

Nervous tissue

Answer 36

Main component of the nervous system - Brain - Spinal cord - Nerves

Question 37

Nervous tissue is composed...

Answer 37

Of neurons and supporting cells

Question 38

Nervous tissue transmit...

Answer 38

Electrical signals to regulate and control body functions